3.4 Eukaryotic cell structure

Question 1

What does an animal cell contain?

Answer 1

1. cell membrane
2. nucleus
3. mitochondria
4. ribosome
5. RER
6. SER
7. lysosomes
8. golgi apparatus

Question 2

What does a plant cell contain?

Answer 2

1. cell wall
2. vacuole
3. chloroplast
4. cell membrane
5. nucleus
6. mitochondria
7. ribosomes
8. RER
9. SER
10. golgi apparatus

Question 3

Both animal and plant cells are __cellular.

Answer 3

Multicellular

Question 4

What are made up of a nucleus?

Answer 4

1. chromatin
2. nucleolus
3. nuclear envelope (outer+inner membrane)
4. nuclear pore
5. nucleoplasm

Question 5

What are the functions of nucleus?

Answer 5

1. control cell activities
2. produce rRNA and ribosomes
3. contain genetic material in cells

Question 6

What is the function of chromatin?

Answer 6

Package DNA into a unit capable of fitting within the tight space of a nucleus.

Question 7

What is the function of nucleolus?

Answer 7

Produce ribosomal RNA.

Question 8

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 8

Allow the passage of large molecules out of nucleus.

Question 9

What is a nuclear envelope?

Answer 9

Double membrane

Question 10

What are made up of a mitochondria?

Answer 10

1. cristae
2. matrix
3. inner membrane
4. outer membrane
5. ribosome
6. DNA

Question 11

What are the functions of mitochondria?

Answer 11

1. release energy by aerobic respiration
2. produce ATP

Question 12

What is the function of membranes (inner + outer)?

Answer 12

Control the entry and exit of materials.

Question 13

What is the function of cristae?

Answer 13

Provide a large SA for attachment of enzymes and other protein that’s involved in respiration.

Question 14

What is the function of matrix?

Answer 14

Contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA, allowing the mitochondria to control the production of its own protein.

Question 15

What are made up of a ribosome?

Answer 15

1. large subunit
2. small subunit

Question 16

What is the function of ribosome?

Answer 16

Protein synthesis

Question 17

What does ribosome contain?

Answer 17

1. ribosomal RNA
2. protein

Question 18

What are the 2 types of ribosomes?

Answer 18

70S and 80S ribosomes

Question 19

Which type of ribosome is found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 19

80S

Question 20

What is the difference between 70S and 80S ribosomes?

Answer 20

1. 70S is smaller and 80S is bigger
2. 70S is found in prokaryotic cells and 80S is found in eukaryotic cells

Question 21

What is the full name of RER?

Answer 21

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What are made up of a RER?

Answer 22

1. cisternae
2. ribosomes

Question 23

What are the functions of RER?

Answer 23

1. provide a large SA for the synthesis of protein
2. transport protein

Question 24

What is the full name of SER?

Answer 24

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

What is made up of a SER?

Answer 25

Cisternae

Question 26

What are the functions of SER?

Answer 26

Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 27

What is the difference between RER and SER?

Answer 27

RER contains ribosomes and SER doesn't.

Question 28

What does lysosomes contain?

Answer 28

Lysozymes - hydrolytic/digestive enzymes

Question 29

What is lysosome surrounded by and why?

Answer 29

Membrane, to keep enzymes separate from cytoplasm.

Question 30

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 30

1. digest pathogens using enzymes 2. release enzymes 3. break down cells after they have died 4. digest old organelles

Question 31

What are made up of a golgi apparatus?

Answer 31

1. cisterna 2. vesicles

Question 32

What are the functions of golgi apparatus?

Answer 32

1. produce glycoproteins (by adding carbohydrates to proteins) 2. produce lysosomes 3. produce secretory enzymes 4. transport, modify and store lipids 5. secrete (分泌) carbohydrates

Question 33

What are made up of a cell wall?

Answer 33

1. middle lamella 2. plasmodesmata

Question 34

What does cell wall contain?

Answer 34

Polysaccharides (eg. cellulose)

Question 35

What are the functions of cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 35

1. strengthen the cell 2. prevent cell from bursting 3. allow exchange of substances between cells

Question 36

What is a middle lamella and what is its function?

Answer 36

A layer between two cell walls. It marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements (鞏固) adjacent cells together.

Question 37

What is a plasmodesmata and what is its function?

Answer 37

A channel through two cell walls. It allows the exchange of substance between cells.

Question 38

What are made up of the cell wall of algae?

Answer 38

Cellulose / glycoproteins / both

Question 39

What are made up of the cell wall of fungi?

Answer 39

Chitin

Question 40

What are made up of a chloroplast?

Answer 40

1. chloroplast envelope (outer+inner membrane) 2. granum 3. thylakoid 4. stroma 5. intergranal lamella 6. starch grain 7. DNA 8. ribosomes

Question 41

What is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 41

Carry out photosynthesis

Question 42

What is the function of chloroplast envelope?

Answer 42

Controls the entry and exit of materials.

Question 43

What is a granum and what is its function?

Answer 43

A stack of disc-like structures called thylakoids. It is where light absorption (1st stage of photosynthesis) takes place.

Question 44

What is inside thylakoid?

Answer 44

Chlorophyll

Question 45

What is an intergranal lamella?

Answer 45

A membrane that connects grana (granum)

Question 46

What is a stroma and what is its function?

Answer 46

A fluid-filled matrix. It is where sugar synthesis (2nd stage of photosynthesis) takes place.

Question 47

What is within the stroma?

Answer 47

1. starch grain 2. DNA 3. ribosomes

Question 48

What are made up of a vacuole?

Answer 48

1. tonoplast 2. cell sap (細胞液)

Question 49

What is a tonoplast?

Answer 49

Single membrane

Question 50

What does the vacuole contain?

Answer 50

A solution of mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, wastes, and sometimes pigments (色素)

Question 51

What are the functions of vacuole?

Answer 51

1. keep the cell turgid 2. act as a temporary food store 3. pigments may colour the petals (花瓣)