2.3 Energy and ATP Flashcards
What is ATP?
A nucleotide derivative (衍生物)
What is the full name of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
What are made up of an ATP?
- ribose
- adenine
- three phosphate groups
How are the bonds between phosphate groups? What does this mean?
Unstable. This means that it has a low activation energy, and the bonds are easily broken.
What is the equation that shows that a phosphate group is removed?
ATP + H2O > ADP + P (inorganic phosphate) + energy
What is the full name of ADP?
Adenosine diphosphate
What is the process called when ATP is converted into ADP? Why?
Hydrolysis. Because water is used.
What type of reaction is it when the bonds between phosphate groups in ATP break? Why?
Exothermic. Because it releases energy.
What catalyst is used to catalyse the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
How can the inorganic phosphate released during the hydrolysis of ATP be used?
To phosphorylate other compounds, often
making them more reactive.
How can ATP be resynthesised?
By condensation of ADP and a phosphate group
What catalyst is used to catalyse the condensation of ADP and a phosphate group?
ATP synthase
When is the condensation of ADP and a phosphate group occur?
- during respiration
- during photosynthesis
What is the function of ATP?
Provide immediate energy
Why is ATP a better immediate energy source than glucose?
- each ATP releases less energy than each glucose - so the energy for reaction is therefore released in smaller and more manageable quantities
- the hydrolysis of ATP is a single reaction, whereas the breakdown of glucose is a long series of reactions, so it takes longer to release energy
