8.3 Structures of ribonucleic acid Flashcards
What is genome?
The complete set of genes in a cell
What is proteome?
The full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce.
What are made up of a nucleotide from RNA?
- ribose (pentose sugar)
- phosphate
- nitrogenous/nitrogen-containing base
What are the 4 types of bases can RNA have?
- A - adenine
- C - cytosine
- G - guanine
- U - uracil
What are the 2 types of RNA that are important in protein synthesis?
- messenger RNA (mRNA)
- transfer RNA (tRNA)
Is mRNA double helix or single helix?
Single
How is the base sequence of mRNA determined?
By the sequence of bases on the length of DNA in a process called transcription.
What is a sequence of three bases on mRNA called?
Codon
What is the function of mRNA?
It acts as a template for protein synthesis.
Why is mRNA’s structure suited to its function?
Because it has information in the form of codon which determines the amino acid sequence of a specific polypeptide that will be made.
How is the structure of tRNA?
It is a single-stranded chain folded into a clover-leaf shape with one end of the chain extending beyond the other.
Why does a tRNA have one end of the chain extending beyond the other?
Because it is where an amino acid can easily attach.
What is a sequence of three bases on tRNA called?
Anti-codon
