3.3.3 Hardiness Evaluation (Str) Flashcards
(Importance of 3Cs) maddi believed all 3 parts of the hardy personality were required to do what?
Have the buffering effect against stress
(Importance of 3Cs) does Sandvik agree or disagree with maddi?
Disagree
(Importance of 3Cs) who did sandvik study and when?
21 Norwegian navy cadets during a stressful exercise
(Importance of 3Cs) what did sandvik obtain from the cadets?
Hardiness scores before hand
Blood samples at the middle and end of the exercise
(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik found all cadets were high in what?
Hardiness
(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik - what did it mean if the cadets were unbalanced?
High in commitment and control
Low in challenge
(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik found those unbalanced showed what response to stress?
Damaging immune response
More vulnerable to stress
(Importance of 3Cs) sandvik’s research suggests particular parts of the hardy personality may do what?
Have more of an effect in buffering against stress
(Consistency of findings) benefits of hardiness have been shown across what?
Wide range of groups and settings
(Consistency of findings) Beasley et al found uni students scoring high in hardiness showed what?
Reduced levels of psychological stress
(Consistency of findings) Bartone found soldiers with higher hardiness were better able to do what?
Cope with stress in their normal life’s and combat
(Consistency of findings) Bartone - soldiers high in hardiness were less likely to experience what?
Long term negative consequences e.g. PTSD
(Consistency of findings) this is a strength it shows hardiness can benefit who?
Everyone
High in reliability
(Inconsistency of findings) what did Shepard find in his research?
Gender differences
(Inconsistency of findings) Shepard - hardy personalities particularly control and commitment were more likely to benefit who?
Men
They have fewer stress related illnesses
(Inconsistency of findings) Shepard - women high in hardiness are still likely to what?
Experience stress related illnesses
(Inconsistency of findings) Shepard’s research suggests there is what?
Important gender difference we can’t ignore
(Issues in measuring) what is one issue of measuring hardiness?
Researchers using a number of scales
(Issues in measuring) what could researchers using different scales explain?
Inconsistency in research findings
(Issues in measuring) different questionnaires may measure what?
Different things e.g. One may measure commitment and another control
(Issues in measuring) with using different scales there is a lack of what?
Inter rater reliability
(Issues in measuring) what did funk recommend research should use?
Dispositional resilience scale
DRS
(Issues in measuring) what are some strengths of the DRS?
Uniform approach
Measures all 3 components equally
More widely available
(Issues in measuring) why might social desirability be an issue in measuring hardiness?
People low in hardiness may be reluctant to admit to not enjoying spending time with family or not taking care of their health
(Issues in measuring) social desirability leads to reduced what?
Accuracy/validity
(Internal validity) why do we want research to be high in internal validity?
So it actually measures what it claims to
(Internal validity) funk and Houston noted many questions used to assess hardiness are also used to assess what?
Neuroticism
(Internal validity) e.g. On a hardiness scale it says if someone gets mad at me it is no fault of mine, what does it say on a neuroticism scale?
I feel I have been punished without cause
(Internal validity) this is a weakness as questionnaires may be doing what?
Measuring neuroticism rather than hardiness
(Real life applications) how has hardiness been applied?
Training programmes
(Real life applications) maddi compared a group given hardiness training to who?
Group given relaxation training
And a control group
(Real life applications) Maddi - hardiness training increased what? And decreased what?
Increased job satisfaction
Decreased anxiety and illness
(Real life applications) Maddi’s research suggests what?
Hardiness training can benefit people and improve their lives
