3.3.2 Adrenaline & Acute stress Flashcards
(SAM) what does SAM stand for?
sympathomedullary pathway
(SAM) when a stressor is perceived an immediate physical response is triggered through which branch of the ANS?
sympathetic
(SAM) activation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS triggers what response?
fight or flight
(SAM) 1. a stressor is perceived activating what?
the hypothalamus
(SAM) 2. what pathway is activated?
the SAM pathway
(SAM) 3. which branch of the ANS is activated?
the sympathetic
(SAM) 4. activation of the sympathetic branch stimulates what?
the adrenal medulla
(SAM) 5. the adrenal medulla secretes what?
adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream
(SAM) 6. what do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?
prepare the body for fight or flight
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does saliva production decrease?
focus on essential functions
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why do pupils dilate?
to allow in as much light as possible for improved vision
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does quick, deep breathing occur?
to get more oxygen to muscles in preparation for fight or flight
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why do blood vessels close to the skin constrict?
to direct blood to where it is necessary - essential organs
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does the heart beat faster?
to pump oxygenated blood to respiring muscle tissue quickly
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does the output of digestive enzymes in the stomach decrease?
to focus on essential functions
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why does food movement slow?
to focus on essential functions
(f or f) in the fight or flight response why do major blood vessels dilate?
to pump more oxygenated blood to muscles quickly
(freeze) according to Barlow (2002) when might a freeze reaction occur?
in situations when running or fighting back would be ineffective
(freeze) give examples of where the freeze reaction is seen:
animals that play dead when faced with a predator
human victims of violent crime sometimes report being unable to move
(freeze) Koutsikou et al suggest the freeze reaction may have what?
a biological basis
(freeze) Koutsikou et al researched rats and identified a pathway linking what?
the PAG and the pyramis of the cerebellum
(freeze) what is the PAG (periaqueductal grey) responsible for?
how humans and animals perceive danger
(freeze) what does the pyramis do?
causes the body to freeze in place
(evolution) what is the EEA?
environment of evolutionary adaptiveness
(evolution) what are adaptive behaviours?
behaviours which helped aid survival and reproduction via natural selection
(evolution) what happens to adaptive behaviours?
passed on
(evolution) what is the fight or flight reaction?
an adaptive behaviour it would have helped survival and reproduction
(evolution) why might the fight or flight reaction not be adaptive today?
we have more psychological stressors than physical stressors - physical response is outdated
(heart) what has a direct effect on the heart?
high levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline
(heart) high levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline are linked to what?
cardiovascular disorders
heart attacks
stroked
high blood pressure
