1.3.2 Effectiveness & Ethics Of SD (Be)

Question 1

Who did Cafons et al treat?

Answer 1

20 people in Spain with aero phobia (experimental group)

Question 2

What did Cafons et al treat the people with?

Answer 2

Systematic desensitisation

Question 3

What did Cafons compare the experimental group to?

Answer 3

21 aerophobics not receiving SD (control group)

Question 4

What research method and design did Cafons et al use?

Answer 4

A lab experiment with a independent measures design

Question 5

How often did those in Cafons experimental group receive SD?

Answer 5

2 hours a week over 12-15 weeks

Question 6

What percentage of patients with phobias respond successfully to SD, according to McGrath et al?

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

What percentage of the 20 aerophobics receiving SD in Cafons study showed recovery?

Answer 7

90%

Question 8

How many of the controls (not receiving SD) in Cafons study showed recovery?

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

What are invivo techniques?

Answer 9

Directly confronting phobic stimuli (real life)

Question 10

What are invitro techniques?

Answer 10

Imagining the presence of phobic stimuli

Question 11

Did Cafons research use invivo or invitro techniques?

Answer 11

Both

Question 12

Why is SD accessible as a therapy?

Answer 12

It can be self administered

Question 13

What is self administered SD effective in treating according to Humphrey?

Answer 13

Social phobias

Question 14

What did seligman argue regarding SD not treating all phobias?

Answer 14

SD would not work if treating phobias having an evolutionary explanation

Question 15

Some psychologists argue that SD isn’t effective as you remove the symptoms of a phobia…

Answer 15

…not the underlying cause

Question 16

What is symptom substitution?

Answer 16

Suppressing symptoms of a wider issue which results in the emergence of other symptoms

Question 17

According to Freud what was little hans phobia of horses a result of?

Answer 17

Fear and envy of his father (phalic stage) projected onto the horse

Question 18

Why would SD not have worked with little hans?

Answer 18

Hans fear would be cured only as he progressed through the psychosexual stages

Question 19

According to some what is SD too?

Answer 19

Complicated and time consuming

Question 20

Some say there are easier and quicker alternatives to SD, name one:

Answer 20

Flooding

Question 21

What are less of an ethical issue with SD?

Answer 21

Valid consent and right to withdraw

Question 22

Why are right to withdraw and valid consent less of an issue?

Answer 22

People with phobias have the insight and understanding that their behaviour is irrational

Question 23

Why is valid consent and right to withdraw less of an issue in comparison to drug therapy?

Answer 23

As patients suffering with mental illness, receiving drug therapy often lack understanding

Question 24

Why is SD considered an ethical therapy regarding client control?

Answer 24

Each step is conducted slowly at a pace dictated by the patient

Question 25

What is less of an issue due to the patient moving at their own pace? Why?

Answer 25

Anxiety/harm

Because the patient only progresses when they are completely comfortable

Question 26

Which causes more anxiety/harm, SD or flooding?

Answer 26

Flooding

Question 27

What is one ethical issue of SD?

Answer 27

There is an element of stress and harm ad you are exposing the patient to their phobia, causing fear and anxiety

Question 28

Why might it be better to expose the client to SD in he short term?

Answer 28

To reduce stress and anxiety in the long term