3.2.2.3 Ethical and socio-cultural issues in sport Flashcards
Etiquette is
Unwritten rules in sport that are observed by all performers
Contract to compete is
An unwritten agreement between opponents to abide by the written and unwritten rules of the sport
Sportsmanship is
Playing by the rules and using sports etiquette
Gamesmanship is
Deliberately bending but not breaking the rules to gain an advantage
Advantages of PED’s
Increased chance of success
Fame and fortune
To “level the playing field” if they believe others use it
Disadvantages of PED’s
Unethical
Damaged reputation
Side effects and health risks
Stimulants are
Drugs that affect the CNS, increasing mental and physical alertness and reducing fatigue
Stimulants pros
Increased arousal
Reduced fatigue
Faster fat loss
Increases rate that heart reaches maximum HR
Stimulants cons
Headaches
High blood pressure
Stroke
Irregular heartbeat
Addictive
Anxiety
Which performer may use stimulants
Long-distance runners
What are narcotic analgesics
Drugs that mask pain
narcotic analgesics pros
Allow performer to overtrain without pain
Gain an unfair advantage
Narcotic analgesics cons
Respiratory depression
Masks injury
Constipation
Apathy
Addictive
Which performer would use narcotic analgesics
Marathon runners
Anabolic agents are
Artificially produced hormones that mimic testosterone
Anabolic agent pros
Promote muscle and bone growth
Reduce recovery time
Performer can train more
Increased strength and endurance
Anabolic agents cons
Organ damage
Infertility
Tendon injury
Hair loss
Acne
High blood pressure
Mental health issues
Develop opposite gender features
Which performer would use anabolic agents
Sprinters
What are peptide hormones
Drugs that stimulate the production of natural hormones
Peptide hormones pros
More red blood cells
More aerobic capacity
Fatigue takes longer
Peptide hormones cons
Thicker blood
Risk of heart attack
Risk of embolism
Risk of stroke
Peptide hormones perfomer
Endurance athletes
What are diuretics
Drugs that help remove fluid form the body by increasing urination
Diruetics pros
Lose weight quickly
Masking agents - remove other drugs
Diuretics side effects
Dehydration
Kidney failure
Heart failure
Muscle cramps
headaches
Dizziness
What perfomer might use diuretics
Boxers
What is blood doping
Removing blood a few weeks before competition, freezing it, then re-injecting it just before
Blood doping benefits
More red-blood cells
Oxygen-capacity increased
Fatigue takes longer
Shorter recovery time
Blood doping side effects
Thicker blood
Risk of heart attack
Risk fo infection
Embolism
Stroke
Which performer would use blood doping
Endurance athletes
What are beta blockers
Substances that reduce the effects of adrenaline
Beta blockers pros
Reduce heart rate, muscle tension and blood pressure
Improve fine motor control and preciseness
Calm and relax performer
beta blockers cons
Nausea
Tiredness and weakness
Risk of heart issues
Performers that would use beta blockers
Shooting
Positive effects of spectators
Home-field advantage
Source fo revenue
Energetic atmosphere
Increase sport profile
Negative effects of spectators
Crowd trouble
Intimidation of performers
More pressure on performers
Crowd management costs
Hooliganism is
disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at sporting events
6 causes of hooliganism
Alcohol/drugs
Strong rivalries
Frustration at game
Gang culture
Media hype
Displays of masculinity
7 ways to prevent hooliganism
Early kick-offs
All seater-stadia
Segregation of fans
Improved security
Alcohol restrictions
Travel restricitons
Educating supporters
