3.1.1.1 Structure and function of the muscoloskeletal system Flashcards
Bones located at the head/neck
Cranium and vertebrae
Bones at the shoulder
Scapula and Humerus
Bones in the chest
Ribs and sternum
Bones at elbow
Humerus, radius, ulna
Bones at hip
Pelvis and femur
Bones at the knee
Femur, tibia, patella
Bones at the ankle
Tibia, fibula, talus
Long bones are
Cylindrical in shape and found in the limbs
Short bones are
Small and compact, often equal in length and width
Long bones function
Act as levers connected to major muscles to allow for gross movement
Short bones function
They are mainly for fine movements and strength and weight bearing
Flat bones
Are flat and often wide found near organs
Flat bones fucntion
To protect vital organs
The skeleton allows movement by
Providing a point of atatchment for muscles, which contract and pull the bone
6 main functions of skeletal system
Support
Protection
Movement
Structure
Mineral storage
Red blood cell production
Ligaments attach
Bone to bone
Tendons attach
Muscle to muscle
How to rememebr ligament attachment
ACL is in the knee from bone to bone
Ligament function
Stabilise joints
Tendon function
Carry the force of muscle contraction to the bone to move
What is a synovial joint
A freely moveable joint where two or more bones meet.
Parts of a synovial joint
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Joint capsule
Bursae
Cartilage
Ligaments
What is synovial membrane and function
A layer inside the joint that produces synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid and function
An oil like substance that lubricates the joint to move smoothly
What is the joint capsule and function
A capsule that prevents wear and tear on the bones
What is the bursae and function
Fluid sacs that acts as a cushion and prevents friction
What is cartilage and function
A layer on the end of bones in a joint that cushions the joints and prevents wear and tear by reducing friction
Two types of synovial joint
Hinge joints and ball and socket joints
Hinge joints in the body
Knee, ankle, elbow
Ball and socket joints in the body
Hip and shoulder
What is flexion and where can it occur
The decrease in angle at a joint.
Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee
What is extension and where it occurs
Increase of angle at a joint
Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee
What is abduction and where it occurs
The increase in angle between the limb and the centre of the body.
Shoulder(and hip)
What is adduction and where it occurs
The decrease in angle between the limb and the centre of the body.
Shoulder(hip)
What is rotation and where it occurs
When a limb moves in a circular direction around the joint
Hip and shoulder
What is circumduction and where it occurs
When multipel joint actions occur at the same time
Shoulder
What is plantar flexion and where it occurs
When the toes point away from the shin
Ankle
What is dorsi flexion and where it occurs
When the toes move towards the shin
Ankle
Muscles operating at shoulder
Deltoid, pectorals, rotator cuffs, lats
Muscles operating at elbow
Tricep, bicep
Muscles operating at hip
Hip flexors, gluteals
Muscles operating at knee
Quadriceps, hamstrings
Muscles operating at ankle
Gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior
An antagonistic muscle pair is when
Two muscles are paired connected to the same bone on either side. They contratc and relax to pull the bone in either direction.
The agonist is the muscle that
Contracts in the pair
The antagonist is the muscle that
Relaxes or lenghtens in the pair
The two main types of muscle contraction are
Isotonic and isometric
isometric contractions are where
the muscles produce tension but stay the same length
isotonic contractions are where
A muscle contracts and changes length
The two types of isotonic contractions are
Concentric and eccentric
Concentric is where
The muscle is contracting and shortening
Eccentric is where
The muscle is contracting and lengthening
