32: Drugs for Treating Hypertension Flashcards
essential hypertension
no obvious cause of HBP
msot common hypertension
essential hypertension
early feature of essential hypertension
increased CO- once established usually increased peripheral resistance and normal CO
identifiable/ correctable cause of hypertension
secondary hypertension
phaeochromocytoma is what kind of hypertension
secondary
blood pressure is regulated by
kidneys
persistently raised BP causes
LV hypertrophy remodelling of resistance arteries lumen narrowing predisposition to atherosclerosis increase risk of coronary thrombosis, stroke, and renal failure
ras inhibitors include
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
antihypertensive drugs
RAS inhibitors thiazide and related diuretics Ca2+ entry antagonists adrenoceptor antagonists NO donor
treatment usually starts with either a ____ (young white people) or a _____ (older or african origin)
RAS inhibitor
thiazide diuretic/Ca2+ antagonist
captopril is an
ACE inhibitor
enalapril
ACE inhibitor- prodrug, longer half life
valsartan acts on what receptor
what class
inhibits AT1 receptors on VSMC
ARB
losartan, candesartan
ARBs with longer half lifes
thiazide mechanism
bind and inhibit distal tubular Na+/Cl- cotransporter to decrease blood volume
-dipine
L type voltage gated Ca2+ entry antagonists
-zosin
alpha 1 antagonist
blocks NE action on VSMC = vasodilation
-olol
beta antagonists
beta antagonist MOA
reduce CO
reduce renin release from kidney
reduce sympathetic activity
fall in BP requires a few days
nebivolol
beta 1 selective, enhances NO production
propanolol, alprenolol
nonselective beta blockers
metoprolol __ selective
beta1
nitroprusside is used in
hypertensive emergencies in ICUs
nitroprusside MOA (2)
NO donor
cGMP signalling
