32: Drugs for Treating Hypertension

Question 1

essential hypertension

Answer 1

no obvious cause of HBP

Question 2

msot common hypertension

Answer 2

essential hypertension

Question 3

early feature of essential hypertension

Answer 3

increased CO- once established usually increased peripheral resistance and normal CO

Question 4

identifiable/ correctable cause of hypertension

Answer 4

secondary hypertension

Question 5

phaeochromocytoma is what kind of hypertension

Answer 5

secondary

Question 6

blood pressure is regulated by

Answer 6

kidneys

Question 7

persistently raised BP causes

Answer 7

LV hypertrophy
remodelling of resistance arteries
lumen narrowing
predisposition to atherosclerosis
increase risk of coronary thrombosis, stroke, and renal failure

Question 8

ras inhibitors include

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors

ARBs

Question 9

antihypertensive drugs

Answer 9

RAS inhibitors
thiazide and related diuretics
Ca2+ entry antagonists
adrenoceptor antagonists
NO donor

Question 10

treatment usually starts with either a ____ (young white people) or a _____ (older or african origin)

Answer 10

RAS inhibitor

thiazide diuretic/Ca2+ antagonist

Question 11

captopril is an

Answer 11

ACE inhibitor

Question 12

enalapril

Answer 12

ACE inhibitor- prodrug, longer half life

Question 13

valsartan acts on what receptor

what class

Answer 13

inhibits AT1 receptors on VSMC

ARB

Question 14

losartan, candesartan

Answer 14

ARBs with longer half lifes

Question 15

thiazide mechanism

Answer 15

bind and inhibit distal tubular Na+/Cl- cotransporter to decrease blood volume

Question 16

-dipine

Answer 16

L type voltage gated Ca2+ entry antagonists

Question 17

-zosin

Answer 17

alpha 1 antagonist

blocks NE action on VSMC = vasodilation

Question 18

-olol

Answer 18

beta antagonists

Question 19

beta antagonist MOA

Answer 19

reduce CO
reduce renin release from kidney
reduce sympathetic activity
fall in BP requires a few days

Question 20

nebivolol

Answer 20

beta 1 selective, enhances NO production

Question 21

propanolol, alprenolol

Answer 21

nonselective beta blockers

Question 22

metoprolol __ selective

Answer 22

beta1

Question 23

nitroprusside is used in

Answer 23

hypertensive emergencies in ICUs

Question 24

nitroprusside MOA (2)

Answer 24

NO donor

cGMP signalling

Question 25

adverse effects of nitroprusside

Answer 25

generates cyanide

Question 26

can nitroprusside be used long term

Answer 26

no- 72 hours max

Question 27

methyldopa MOA

Answer 27

converted to methylnoradrenaline, less active than NA

Question 28

pre-clampsia drugs

Answer 28

methyldopa
labetolol
nifedipine
hydralazine