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PHARM 203 > 11: Bradykinin, neuropeptides, cytokines, and chemokines > Flashcards

11: Bradykinin, neuropeptides, cytokines, and chemokines Flashcards

1
Q

peptides are ___ 50 amino acids`

A
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2
Q

peptides are ___ 50 amino acids`

A
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3
Q

proteins are ____ amino acids

A

more than 50

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4
Q

gene to

A

mRNA to protein to peptide

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5
Q

what cuts out active peptide

A

proteolytic enzymes

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6
Q

what determines the amount of peptide/ protein

A

abundance of mRNA

transcriptional control + regulation of degredation

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7
Q

removes introns and some exons to produce different products

A

alternative splicing

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8
Q

amidation, glycosylation, acetylation, etc are

A

posttranslational modifications

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9
Q

4 types of pharmacological mediators

A
  1. neurotransmitters/ neuropeptides and neuroendocrine mediators
  2. hormones from nonneural sources
  3. growth factors
  4. mediators of the immune system
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10
Q

neuropeptides are often released as

A

cotransmitters along with nonpeptide NT

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11
Q

substance P and neurkinin A, CGRP, and NPY are examples of

A

neuropeptides

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12
Q

what causes neurogenic inflammation

A

neuropeptides

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13
Q

where are neuropeptides released

A

peripheral ending of nociceptive sensory neurons

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14
Q

erenumab is used for

A

is a monoclonal antibody against CGRP

used for migraines

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15
Q

bradykinin is a

A

nonneuronal hormone peptide mediator

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16
Q

where and how is bradykinin generated

A

within the plasma from protein kininogen by protease kallikrein

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17
Q

what inactivates Bk

A

ACE

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18
Q

Bk binds

A

2 GPCR = B1 and B2

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19
Q

pharmacological effects of Bk

A

vasodilation (NO and PGI2)
vascular permeability
stimulates nerve endings for pain
stimulates fluid secretion in airways and GI
contracts intestinal and uterine smooth muscle

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20
Q

Growth factors are generally large proteins

A

F- small

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21
Q

what do drugs in oncology block in growth factor signalling

A

kinase linked receptors

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22
Q

what do drugs in oncology block in growth factor signalling

A

kinase linked receptors

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23
Q

proteins are ____ amino acids

A

more than 50

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24
Q

gene to

A

mRNA to protein to peptide

How well did you know this?
1
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25
Q

what cuts out active peptide

A

proteolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what determines the amount of peptide/ protein

A

abundance of mRNA

transcriptional control + regulation of degredation

27
Q

removes introns and some exons to produce different products

A

alternative splicing

28
Q

amidation, glycosylation, acetylation, etc are

A

posttranslational modifications

29
Q

4 types of pharmacological mediators

A
  1. neurotransmitters/ neuropeptides and neuroendocrine mediators
  2. hormones from nonneural sources
  3. growth factors
  4. mediators of the immune system
30
Q

neuropeptides are often released as

A

cotransmitters along with nonpeptide NT

31
Q

substance P and neurkinin A, CGRP, and NPY are examples of

A

neuropeptides

32
Q

what causes neurogenic inflammation

A

neuropeptides

33
Q

where are neuropeptides released

A

peripheral ending of nociceptive sensory neurons

34
Q

erenumab is used for

A

is a monoclonal antibody against CGRP

used for migraines

35
Q

bradykinin is a

A

nonneuronal hormone peptide mediator

36
Q

where and how is bradykinin generated

A

within the plasma from protein kininogen by protease kallikrein

37
Q

what inactivates Bk

A

ACE

38
Q

Bk binds

A

2 GPCR = B1 and B2

39
Q

pharmacological effects of Bk

A

vasodilation (NO and PGI2)
vascular permeability
stimulates nerve endings for pain
stimulates fluid secretion in airways and GI
contracts intestinal and uterine smooth muscle

40
Q

Growth factors are generally large proteins

A

F- small

41
Q

GF bind mostly to

A

kinase linked receptors

42
Q

what do drugs in oncology block in growth factor signalling

A

kinase linked receptors

43
Q

2 examples of drugs inhibiting GF signalling

A

erlotinib and sunitinib

44
Q

what protein/ polypeptide mediators are synthesized by immune cells during inflammation

A

cytokines

45
Q

what do cytokines do

A

regulate actions of immune and inflammatory cells

46
Q

T or F: cytokines are normally undetected in blood but become highly uprefulated during inflammation

A

T

47
Q

most cytokines act on

A

kinase linked receptors to stimulate phosphorylation based signaling to alter gene expression

48
Q

4 types of cytokines

A

interleukins
chemokines
interferons
colony stimulating factors

49
Q

mediators that signal between leukocytes

A

interleukins

50
Q

interleukins are primarily

A

pro inflammatory

51
Q

IL-4 is an

A

antiinflammatory interleukin

52
Q

TNFalpha and IL-1alpha/ beta are

A

inflammatory interleukins

53
Q

adalimumab is a drug that

A

blocks proinflammatory cytokines

monoclonal antibody against TNF alpha

54
Q

what is adalimumab used to treat

A

rheumatoid arthritis, chrohn’s disease

55
Q

what type of cytokines are chemoattractants

A

chemokines

56
Q

what are grouped according to key cysteine residues in peptide chains

A

chemokines

57
Q

interferons interfere with

A

viral replication

58
Q

IFNalpha is an

A

interferon used to treat chronic hep B and C

some malignant diseases

59
Q

what interferons is used to treat relapsing MS

A

IFN beta

60
Q

what is used in immunodeficiency disease to reduce infection

A

IFN gamma

61
Q

colony stimulating factors are

A

cytokines that overlap with growth factors

62
Q

epoietin is an

A

CSF used to treat anemia/ for blood doping

stimulates increase in erythropoietin

63
Q

filgrastim is a

A

recombinant grandulocyte colony stimulating factor

64
Q

what is used to treat neutropenia

A

filgrastim

PHARM 203 (21 decks)

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