24: Antiepileptic Drugs Flashcards
an epileptic seizure is a
transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to abnormal excessive and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain
are seizures synchronus or not
synchronous
3 definitions of epilepsy
2 unprovoked seizures occurring >24 hours apart
one unprovoked seizure and increased probability of 60% of further over the next 10 years
diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome
simple partial seizure
no impairment of consciousness
motor, sensory, or autonomic symptoms
no impairment of consciousness
simple partial seizure
altered consciousness and behavioural arrest
complex partial seizure
complex partial seizure
altered consciousness and behavioral arrest
motor automatism
secondary generalized seizures
focal seizure that becomes generalized
classes of generalized seizures
generalized tonic clonic
absence
myoclonic
can generalized seizures be nonconvulsive
yes- either convulsive or not convulsive
loss of consciousness with hyperextension of body followed by rhythmic full body contractions
generalized tonic-clonic
sudden impairment of consciousness
always starts in childhood
absence seizures
sudden muscle contractions without loss of consciousness
myoclonic- generalized seizures
normal neuronal activity is
not synchronized
imbalance in seizures
increased excitatory mechanisms
decrease inhibitory mech
what are increased during seizures
glutamate receptors (NMDA, AMPA) sodium and calcium influc
what are decreased during seizures
GABA
VG potassium channel
Ca2+ dependent potassium channels
antiepileptic drugs inhibit
abnormal neuronal discharge
are antiepileptic drugs curative
no- no effects on underlying cause
MOA of antiepileptic drugs
enhance GABA
block Na and Ca2+ channels
inhibit Glu receptors
open K+ channels
phenobarbital and BZs action
enhance GABA receptor activation
tiagabine action
inhibit GABA reuptake
vigabatrin action
inhibit GABA breakdown
sodium channel blockers are ________ blockade and preferentially bind to
use dependent
inactivated state of channel
