Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM 203 > 14/15 Chemical Mediators > Flashcards

14/15 Chemical Mediators Flashcards

1
Q

main excitatory amino acid in brain

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

glutamate is stored in ____ and released by _____ exocytosis

A

synaptic vesicles

Ca2+ dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

glutamate is derived frm

A

glucose via Kreb’s cycle

glutamine from neighboring glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

similar excitatory amino acid to glu

A

aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of glutamate receptors

A

ionotropic

metabotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 types of ionotropic glu receptors

A

NMDA, AMPA, kainate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 subgroups of metabotropic glu receptors

A

1,5
2,3
4,6,7,8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glu GPCR are homo or hetero ___

A

dimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ionotropic glu receptors are ___ subunits with ____ structure

A

4

pore loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many total subunits are there for ionotropic glu receptors

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NMDA lets in

A

Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NMDA blocked by

A

Mg2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NMDA requires ____ to activate

A

gly (allosteric mod)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___ and ___ are NMDA channel blockers

A

ketamine

phencyclidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AMPA recetors are ____ kinetics

A

fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which depolarizations last longer, AMPA or NMDA

A

NMDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NMDA receptor blockers

A

ketamine
PCP
memantine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AMPA receptor blocker

A

perampanel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is pereampanel

A

a noncompetitive antagonist at AMPA receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does perampanel treat

A

epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

group 1 mGlu are

A

postsynaptic receptors, excitatory, increases Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

group 2, 3 mGlu are

A

presynaptic, reduce synaptic transmission/ excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

presynaptic, reduce synaptic transmission/ excitability

A

group 2,3 mGlu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NMDA and mGlu play roles in

A

synaptic plasticity + pathological excitotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

main inhibitory transmitter in brain

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what forms GABA from glutamate

A

glutamic acid decarboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

___% of neurons in brain GABAergic

A

20%

28
Q

GABA is released at ___% of synapses

A

30%

29
Q

GABAa receptors are

A

LGIC that let in Cl-

30
Q

GABAb receptors are

A

metabotropic GPCR

31
Q

what mediates fast, tonic inhibition

A

GABAa

32
Q

______ GABAa receptors have a higher affinity for GABA than _____ receptors

A

extracellular higher aff than synaptic

33
Q

GABAa subunits

A

a-b-a-b-y

pentamer

34
Q

where does GABA bind on the GABAa receptor

A

a-b interface

35
Q

GABAb are located

A

pre and postsynaptically

36
Q

GABAa are located

A

postsynaptically

37
Q

GABAb receptor actions

A

inhibits VG Ca2+ channels
inhibits AC
activates K+ channels = hyperpolarization`

38
Q

GABAa agonists

A

Alcohol
Bz
barbituates
muscimol

39
Q

GABAa antagonist

A

picrotoxin

40
Q

GABAb agonist

A

baclofen

41
Q

what is used to treat spasticity

A

baclofen

42
Q

inhibitory NT in spinal cord and brainstem

A

gly

43
Q

gly receptor is a

A

pentameric ligand gated Cl- channel

44
Q

what receptor is similar to GABAa receptor

A

glycinr

45
Q

gly receptor regulates

A

respiratory rhythms
motor control
muscle tone
pain signalling

46
Q

strychnine

A

competitive glycine antagonist = convulsant poison

47
Q

tetanus toxin

A

inhibits glycine release from inhibitory neurons = violent muscle spasm

48
Q

dopaminergic neurons lack

A

dopamine beta hydroxylase

49
Q

which has more restricted distribution, NA or Dopamine

A

dopamine

50
Q

dopamine is recaptured by

A

DAT

51
Q

degradation of dopamine involves

A

MAO and COMT

52
Q

there are ___ types of dopamine receptors. both are ))))

A

2

GPCR

53
Q

D1 receptors _____, while D2 receptors ___ AC signalling

A

activate

inhibit

54
Q

dopamine receptors act ___ synaptically

A

pre and post

55
Q

___ receptors function as inhibitory autoreceptors on dopaminergic neurons

A

D2

56
Q

__ causes postsynaptic inhibition

A

D1

57
Q

__ type causes pre and postsynaptic inhibition

A

D2

58
Q

D1 and D2 inhibit or activate

A

inhibit

59
Q

DA motor control pathway

A

nigrostriatal pathways

60
Q

dopamine in nigrostriatal pathways normally

A

controls/ inhibits excitatory motor neurons

61
Q

DA behavioural functions pathway

A

mesocortical/ mesolimbic

62
Q

which pathways are responsible for emotion, euphoria

A

dopamine mesocortical/ mesolimbic

63
Q

___ and ___ inhibit dopamine transporter reuptake in mesocortical/ mesolimbic pathways

A

amphetamic and cocaine

64
Q

DA neuroendocrine function pathway

A

tuberohypophyseal pathway

65
Q

DA peripherally involved in _________ and increases __________

A

renal vasodilation

myocardial contractility

PHARM 203 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions