Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM 203 > 14/15 Chemical Mediators > Flashcards

14/15 Chemical Mediators Flashcards

1
Q

main excitatory amino acid in brain

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

glutamate is stored in ____ and released by _____ exocytosis

A

synaptic vesicles

Ca2+ dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

glutamate is derived frm

A

glucose via Kreb’s cycle

glutamine from neighboring glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

similar excitatory amino acid to glu

A

aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of glutamate receptors

A

ionotropic

metabotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 types of ionotropic glu receptors

A

NMDA, AMPA, kainate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 subgroups of metabotropic glu receptors

A

1,5
2,3
4,6,7,8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glu GPCR are homo or hetero ___

A

dimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ionotropic glu receptors are ___ subunits with ____ structure

A

4

pore loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many total subunits are there for ionotropic glu receptors

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NMDA lets in

A

Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NMDA blocked by

A

Mg2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NMDA requires ____ to activate

A

gly (allosteric mod)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___ and ___ are NMDA channel blockers

A

ketamine

phencyclidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AMPA recetors are ____ kinetics

A

fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which depolarizations last longer, AMPA or NMDA

A

NMDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NMDA receptor blockers

A

ketamine
PCP
memantine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AMPA receptor blocker

A

perampanel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is pereampanel

A

a noncompetitive antagonist at AMPA receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does perampanel treat

A

epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

group 1 mGlu are

A

postsynaptic receptors, excitatory, increases Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

group 2, 3 mGlu are

A

presynaptic, reduce synaptic transmission/ excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

presynaptic, reduce synaptic transmission/ excitability

A

group 2,3 mGlu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NMDA and mGlu play roles in

A

synaptic plasticity + pathological excitotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
main inhibitory transmitter in brain
GABA
26
what forms GABA from glutamate
glutamic acid decarboxylase
27
___% of neurons in brain GABAergic
20%
28
GABA is released at ___% of synapses
30%
29
GABAa receptors are
LGIC that let in Cl-
30
GABAb receptors are
metabotropic GPCR
31
what mediates fast, tonic inhibition
GABAa
32
______ GABAa receptors have a higher affinity for GABA than _____ receptors
extracellular higher aff than synaptic
33
GABAa subunits
a-b-a-b-y | pentamer
34
where does GABA bind on the GABAa receptor
a-b interface
35
GABAb are located
pre and postsynaptically
36
GABAa are located
postsynaptically
37
GABAb receptor actions
inhibits VG Ca2+ channels inhibits AC activates K+ channels = hyperpolarization`
38
GABAa agonists
Alcohol Bz barbituates muscimol
39
GABAa antagonist
picrotoxin
40
GABAb agonist
baclofen
41
what is used to treat spasticity
baclofen
42
inhibitory NT in spinal cord and brainstem
gly
43
gly receptor is a
pentameric ligand gated Cl- channel
44
what receptor is similar to GABAa receptor
glycinr
45
gly receptor regulates
respiratory rhythms motor control muscle tone pain signalling
46
strychnine
competitive glycine antagonist = convulsant poison
47
tetanus toxin
inhibits glycine release from inhibitory neurons = violent muscle spasm
48
dopaminergic neurons lack
dopamine beta hydroxylase
49
which has more restricted distribution, NA or Dopamine
dopamine
50
dopamine is recaptured by
DAT
51
degradation of dopamine involves
MAO and COMT
52
there are ___ types of dopamine receptors. both are ))))
2 | GPCR
53
D1 receptors _____, while D2 receptors ___ AC signalling
activate | inhibit
54
dopamine receptors act ___ synaptically
pre and post
55
___ receptors function as inhibitory autoreceptors on dopaminergic neurons
D2
56
__ causes postsynaptic inhibition
D1
57
__ type causes pre and postsynaptic inhibition
D2
58
D1 and D2 inhibit or activate
inhibit
59
DA motor control pathway
nigrostriatal pathways
60
dopamine in nigrostriatal pathways normally
controls/ inhibits excitatory motor neurons
61
DA behavioural functions pathway
mesocortical/ mesolimbic
62
which pathways are responsible for emotion, euphoria
dopamine mesocortical/ mesolimbic
63
___ and ___ inhibit dopamine transporter reuptake in mesocortical/ mesolimbic pathways
amphetamic and cocaine
64
DA neuroendocrine function pathway
tuberohypophyseal pathway
65
DA peripherally involved in _________ and increases __________
renal vasodilation | myocardial contractility

PHARM 203 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions