3 - Moisturisers Flashcards

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1
Q

Moisturisers function to:

(1) retard transepidermal water loss from a damaged epidermal barrier
(2) to soothe irritated skin
(3) to increase skin softness by filling the irregular spaces left by desquamating corneocytes

A

True (in contrast to emollients which simply make the skin smooth and soft)

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2
Q

Moisturisers increase the water content of the epidermis and stratum corneum

A

True (in contrast to emollients which simply make the skin smooth and soft)

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3
Q

Moisturisers that rehydrate the stratum corneum can be classified as:

(1) occlusives
(2) humectants

A

True (in contrast to emollients that simply make the skin smooth and soft)

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4
Q

Occlusive moisturisers function to condition the skin by impairing evaporation of water to the atmosphere

A

True

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5
Q

Occlusive moisturisers are generally oily substances through which water cannot easily pass

A

True

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6
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(1) hydrocarbon oils and waxes - petrolatum, mineral oil, paraffin, squalene

A

True

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7
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(2) silicone oils - dimethicone, cyclomethicones

A

True

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8
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(3) vegetable and animal fats - soybean oil, olive oil, lanolin and animal fats

A

True

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9
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(4) fatty acids - lanolin acid, stearic acid

A

True

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10
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(5) fatty alcohol - lanolin alcohol, cetyl alcohol

A

True

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11
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(6) polyhidric alcohols - propylene glycol alcohols

A

True

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12
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(7) wax esters - lanolin, beeswax, stearyl stearate

A

True

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13
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(8) vegetable waxes - carnauba, candelilla waxes

A

True

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14
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(9) phospholipids - lecithin

A

True

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15
Q

Occlusive moisturisers can be classified into 10 categories:

(10) sterols - cholesterol

A

True

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16
Q

Humectants are substances that attract water, mimicking the role of dermal glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronic acid

A

True

17
Q

The most commonly used humectants are:
(1) glycerin
(2) propylene glycol
as they function both as humectants and as vehicles in many moisturisers

A

True (other humectants include honey, sodium lactate, urea, sorbitol, pyrrolidine carboxylic acid, gelatin, hyaluronic acid and vitamins A/B5/C)

18
Q

Urea is the most common humectant as the active ingredient, and the amount of humectant properties provided is directly related to the concentration of the ingredient

A

True

19
Q

Topically applied humectants draw water largely from the dermis to the epidermis and rarely from the environment under conditions in which the ambient humidity exceeds 70%

A

True (however under low humidity conditions, humectants such as glycerin draw moisture from the skin and increase transepidermal water loss; which is the reason why humectants must be used in combination with occlusives)

20
Q

Water applied to the skin in the absence of a humectant is rapidly lost to the atmosphere, however skin well hydrated after soaking retains water more efficiently if humectants are subsequently applied

A

True

21
Q

Humectants are always used in combination with occlusives as humectant draw the water from the dermis to the dehydrated stratum corneum and epidermis, while the occlusives trap the water in the skin thereby preventing evaporation and rehydrates the skin

A

True (as under low humidity conditions, humectants draw moisture from the skin and increase transepidermal water loss)