3 - Insect Repellents Flashcards
There is no scientific evidence that ingesting garlic or vitamin B1 (thiamine) repels insects
True
DEET based repellents seem to be less effective in women than in men
True
Alcohol ingestion increases the likelihood of being bitten by mosquitos
True
DEET is the gold standard of insect repellents
True
DEET is a broad spectrum repellent
True
The higher the concentration of DEET, the longer-lasting is the protection
True (though efficacy increases only minimally at concentrations over 35%)
The duration of efficacy of DEET increases only minimally at concentrations over 35%
True
Products with 10-35% DEET provide adequate protection under most conditions
True
DEET may be applied directly to skin or clothing
True
Applying DEET under clothing increases the risk of percutaneous absorption
True
Children over the age of 2 months can safely use up to 30% DEET
True
DEET may damage plastics, rayon, spandex, painted and varnished surfaces
True
DEET does not damage natural fibres such as wool or cotton
True
The efficacy of DEET and sunscreen product when applied sequentially may result in a reduction in efficacy of both products
True
The reapplication of sunscreen after DEET was applied significantly reduced the protection time of the DEET
True
DEET is not mutagenic or oncogenic
True (no evidence of mutagenicity or oncogenicity)
There is no developmental, reproductive or neurological toxicity associated with DEET use
True
There are no differences in survival, growth or neurological development that could be detected in infants born to mothers who used DEET
True
There is no substantial evidence that DEET causes neurotoxicity
True
DEET has been associated with bullous contact dermatitis when this has not been subsequently washed off
True
DEET is a known eye irritant
True
IR3535 is a biopesticide and analogue of the amino acid beta-alanine
True
DEET is superior to IR3535
True (higher concentrations of IR3535 do not match DEET)
Piperidine (Picaridin) is a biopesticide structurally similar to pepper
True
Piperidine (Picaridin) offers comparable efficacy to DEET against mosquitos
True
Piperidine (Picaridin) is superior to DEET against ticks
True
Piperidine (Picaridin) has no detrimental effects against plastics, unlike DEET
True
Piperidine (Picaridin) has low dermal absorption
True
Citronella, Bite Blocker, BioUD, and Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus are plant-derived repellents
True
Citronella (plant-derived repellent) is less effective than DEET
True (shorter protection time than DEET)
Citronella (plant-derived repellent) provides the shortest protection time as compared to other repellents
True
Citronella candles and plants (plant-derived repellent) offer no significant protection against mosquito bites
True
Bite Blocker (plant-derived repellent) combines soybean oil, geranium oil and castor oil
True
Bite Blocker and Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus based repellents appear to be the most efficacious of the botanical repellents
True
Some consumers may object to the odour of Bite Blocker and Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus based repellents
True (although these appear to be the most efficacious botanical repellents)
BioUD (plant-derived repellent) is isolated from wild tomato
True
BioUD (plant-derived repellent) is more effective than DEET for some species of ticks
True
Oil of the Lemon Eucalyptus based repellents evaporate more slowly from the skin surface than Citronella and offers longer lasting protection
True
DEET and Oil of the Lemon Eucalyptus based repellents may cause significant eye irritation
True
Oil of the Lemon Eucalyptus based repellents should be avoided in children under the age of 3
True
BioUD (plant-derived repellent) isolated from wild tomato shows promise as an effective alternative to DEET in repelling both mosquitos and ticks
True
Permethrin (Lyclear) is a man-made synthetic pyrethroid
True
Pyrethrum is a powerful rapidly acting insecticide originally derived from crushed dried Crysanthemum
True
Permethrin is used as a contact insecticide leading to nervous system toxicity and death of the insect
True (not an insect repellent)
Permethrin has low mamalian toxicity
True
Permethrin is poorly absorbed by the skin
True
Permethrin is rapidly metabolised by skin and blood esterases
True
Permethrin is not applied directly to skin when used as an insect repellent
True (applied directly on clothing or other fabrics but not directly to skin)
Direct application of permethrin to skin can cause stinging and burning
True
Permethrin maintains its potency for 2 weeks even through several launderings
True
The combination of permethrin-treated clothing and skin application of DEET creates an excellent barrier against biting insects including mosquitos and ticks
True
Permethrin sprayed clothing is very effective against ticks
True
Immediate type reactions (type I hypersensitivity) from insect bites are mediated by IgE, IgG and histamine
True
Delayed bite reaction (type IV hypersensitivity) are mediated by cell-mediated immunity
True
After Bite is an ammonium solution found to reduce the type I hypersensitivity symptoms associated with mosquito bites
True
