2 - Topical Contact Allergens Flashcards

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1
Q

Topical contact allergens induces an allergic contact dermatitis in a previously unsensitised host

A

True

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2
Q

Topical contact allergens treat various dermatoses by maintaining the allergic contact dermatitis at the site of the skin disease being treated

A

True

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3
Q

The ideal contact allergen is a potent contact sensitiser

A

True

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4
Q

The ideal contact allergen should not be widely found in the environment

A

True

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5
Q

The ideal contact allergen does not cause significant adverse effects

A

True

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6
Q

The ideal contact allergen does not cross-sensitise with other substances

A

True

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7
Q

It is not completely known how topical contact allergens may improve alopecia areata or viral warts

A

True

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8
Q

The ‘antigenic competition’ theory has been postulated in the mechanism of action of topical contact allergens in alopecia areata, in that an immunoreaction to one antigen may inhibit the development of the immune response to another unrelated antigen

A

True (the ratio of CD4:CD8 peribulbar T cell infiltrate changes to 1:1 from 4:1 to reflect a relative increase in peribulbar CD8 T cells)

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9
Q

Long term treatment of alopecia areata with topical contact allergens DPCP and SADBE leads to significant non-specific systemic suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions

A

True

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10
Q

DPCP treatment of alopecia areata reduces the abnormal expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in the epithelium of lower hair follicles

A

True

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11
Q

Long term treatment of alopecia areata with DPCP leads to recovery of hair follicles by driving auto reactive T cells into activation-induced cell death

A

True

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12
Q

The mechanism of action of topical contact allergens in warts may be a result of a non-specific cell-mediated immune response that triggers virus-infected cell lysis and death

A

True

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13
Q

Both DPCP and SADBE are non-mutagenic on the Ames test

A

True (in contrast to DNCB which is mutagenic)

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14
Q

The synthetic precursor of DPCP is a potential contaminant of commercially obtained samples and a potent mutagen

A

True (although DPCP itself is not a mutagen) - presence of the contaminant may be screened before use and periodically thereafter using liquid chromatography

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15
Q

DPCP is light sensitive

A

True

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16
Q

DPCP’s photolysis product (diphenylacetylene) is not mutagenic

A

True

17
Q

Acetone is a standard solvent for DPCP and SADBE

A

True (acetone is a strong light absorber and dries rapidly) - DPCP is more stable in acetone than SADBE

18
Q

Women of child bearing potential should have a negative pregnancy test before starting DPCP and advised to use reliable birth control during treatment

A

True

19
Q

In alopecia areata, Eyelashes should not be treated with DPCP

A

True

20
Q

The addition of topical minoxidil did not add a significant clinical benefit in patients treated with DPCP for alopecia areata

A

True

21
Q

Fexofenadine hydrochloride can enhance the efficacy of DPCP or SADBE in alopecia areata

A

True

22
Q

Oral administration of the immunomodulatory agent inosine pranobex did not enhance the efficacy of DPCP in a patient with alopecia totalis

A

True

23
Q

Regional lymphadenopathy is a common adverse effect from topical DPCP and SADBE

A

True

24
Q

Localised contact eczema and spread of contact eczema to distant sites (autoeczematisation) are common in topical DPCP and SADBE

A

True

25
Q

Vitiligo and leukoderma are rare adverse events in topical DPCP and SADBE

A

True

26
Q

Dark skin individuals should be treated with topical DPCP and SADBE with extreme caution

A

True (rare event of vitiligo, leukoderma dyschromia of Confetti)

27
Q

Dyschromia of confetti (a pattern of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation) may result from topical DPCP application on treated and non-treated sites

A

True (unclear if this is a toxic or allergic reaction)

28
Q

Erythema multiforme and erythema multiforme-like eruption are uncommon adverse effects from topical DPCP

A

True

29
Q

Urticaria and contact urticaria are rare adverse effects from topical DPCP

A

True

30
Q

Topical DPCP and SADBE do not cause significant blood abnormalities

A

True

31
Q

Topical DPCP may be used in the treatment of melanoma and vitiligo

A

True

32
Q

SADBE in acetone requires refrigeration

A

True (not as stable as DPCP in acetone)

33
Q

The castling phenomenon (hair regrowth at sites distant from the site of SADBE application, or denser and faster regrowth on the untreated site than on the treated site) has been noted in alopecia areata patients treated with both topical DPCP and SADBE

A

True

34
Q

Benign lymphoplasia at the treated site may occur with topical SADBE

A

True

35
Q

DNCB is mutagenic

A

True

36
Q

> 40% of DNCB is absorbed systemically

A

True (DNCB has largely been replaced by DPCP and SADBE)

37
Q

Topical contact allergens (DPCP and DNCB) showed better results for bald areas > 50cm2 than intralesional injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide

A

True