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Immunology > 3: Components of Innate Immunity > Flashcards

3: Components of Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

PMNs

A

polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils and eosinophils)

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2
Q

What is the most numerous cells of innate immunity?

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

A

2 days

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4
Q

How do neutrophils kill bacteria?

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. release of pre-formed enzymes and peptides from cytoplasmic granules
  3. generating an oxidative burst to produce toxic oxygen byproducts
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5
Q

T/F: Neutrophils present antigen to T cells

A

F

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6
Q

Band neutrophil

A

an immature neutrophil

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7
Q

Heterophils

A

neutrophils produced by avian species and some reptiles

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8
Q

What cells regulate homeostatic processes and wound healing?

A

macrophages

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9
Q

Where do macrophages primarily reside?

A

in tissues, making them the 1st cells to do phagocytosis

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10
Q

What is the lifespan of macrophages?

A

months

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11
Q

Fc

A

fragment of crystalization; a receptor for antibody

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12
Q

T/F: Macrophages have Fc and complement receptors

A

T

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13
Q

T/F: Macrophages present antigens to T cells

A

T

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14
Q

T/F: Macrophages secrete cytokines

A

T

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15
Q

What are macrophages in blood known as?

A

monocytes

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16
Q

T/F: Macrophages typically recirculate back to blood from tissues

A

F

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17
Q

What are macrophages in the lungs known as?

A

alveolar macrophages

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18
Q

What are macrophages in the liver known as?

A

Kupffer cells

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19
Q

What are macrophages in the brain known as?

A

microglial cells

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20
Q

What are macrophages in the kidney known as?

A

mesangial cells

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21
Q

What are macrophages in the skin known as?

A

Langerhan’s cells (may also be classified as dendritic cells)

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22
Q

Dendritic cells are found in ___ numbers in tissues

A

low

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23
Q

Where do dendritic cells migrate to following pathogen uptake?

A

lymph nodes

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24
Q

What tissues are dendritic cells most commonly found in?

A

skin epithelia, intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive mucosae

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25
Q

APC

A

antigen-presenting cell

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26
Q

What is the most important APC?

A

dendritic cells

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27
Q

What do dendritic cells interact with to drive activation?

A

naive T cells

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28
Q

What cells provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

dendritic cells

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29
Q

Complement receptors

A

system of proteins that tags a foreign object

30
Q

What are the 3 major phagocytes?

A

neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells

31
Q

ROP

A

reactive oxygen products, are a byproduct of phagocytosis

32
Q

What does the phagosome fuse with to make toxic molecules?

A

lysosome

33
Q

In what species do macrophages make very little ROPs?

A

avian

34
Q

Where are ROPs generated?

A

phagolysosome

35
Q

What enzyme leads ROP production?

A

NADPH oxidase

36
Q

What is NADPH oxidase activity triggered by?

A

decreased pH of the phagosome

37
Q

Eosinophils are present in ____ numbers

A

low

38
Q

Where do eosinophils migrate to to complete maturation?

A

spleen

39
Q

What cells have Fc receptors on surface for IgE?

A

eosinophils

40
Q

What cells have bi-lobed nuclei?

A

eosinophils

41
Q

What is the lifespan of eosinophils?

A

12 days

42
Q

What is the lifespan of mast cells?

A

weeks

43
Q

Where do mast cells reside?

A

near blood vessels in tissues

44
Q

T/F: Mast cells have Fc receptors for IgE

A

T

45
Q

What do cytoplasmic granules in mast cells contain?

A

histamine and serotonin

46
Q

Which 2 cells perform antigen presentation?

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

47
Q

Basophils

A

similar to eosinophils

48
Q

Eosinophils main function

A

killing of antibody-coated parasites

49
Q

Natural killer cells main function

A

kill tumor and virally-infected cells

50
Q

T/F: NK cells contain an Fc receptor

A

T

51
Q

IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha

A

cytokines in NK cells that drive inflammation

52
Q

ADCC

A

antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

53
Q

When does ADCC occur?

A

antibodies are bound to a target cells via specific antigen determinants expressed by the target cell; once bound, the Fc portion can be recognized by the NK cell and destroyed

54
Q

Gamma/delta T cells main function

A

direct activity against microbial invaders

55
Q

T/F: Gamme/delta T cells are part of adaptive immunity

A

F

56
Q

Where are gamma/delta T cells found?

A

on mucosal and body surfaces (especially ruminants)

57
Q

What are the 2 main antimicrobial peptides?

A

defensins and cathelicidins

58
Q

Defensins

A

disrupt the structure and organization of microbial membranes due to electrochemical attraction

59
Q

What cells express denfensins?

A

Paneth cells, leukocytes, and phagocytes

60
Q

What cells express defensins in the male reproductive tract?

A

epithelial cells

61
Q

Cathelicidins

A

small cationic peptides that are toxic to bacteria, fungi, and some viruses

62
Q

What cells are cathelicidins found in?

A

epithelial cells, myeloid cells, and keratinocytes

63
Q

What vitamin deficiency is linked to bacterial infections?

A

D, due to a decline in cathelicidin and defensin gene expression

64
Q

What is an altered defensin gene expression associated with?

A

skin disease

65
Q

Lysozyme

A

small enzyme that attacks the cell walls of bacteria

66
Q

How do lysozymes destroy bacteria cell walls?

A

break carbohydrate chains, causing them to burst under pressure

67
Q

Where are lysozymes expressed?

A

most mucosal membranes and within endosomes of phagocytes

68
Q

Lactoferrin

A

a highly folded protein that binds to iron with high affinity

69
Q

Where is lactoferrin found?

A

milk and other mucosal secretions and in neutrophil granules

70
Q

What microbial molecule is very important in neonatal immunity in the gut?

A

lactoferrin

Immunology (16 decks)

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