1: Introduction Flashcards
Humoral aspects of innate immunity
complement, cytokines/chemokines, antimicrobial peptides
Humoral aspects of adaptive immunity
antibodies
Cellular aspects of innate immunity
monocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes
2 types of monocytes
macrophages and dendritic cells
4 types of granulocytes
mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
Cellular aspects of adaptive immunity
B cells and T cells
3 types of T cells
helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells
3 types of lymphocytes
- NK cells (innate)
- T cells (adaptive)
- B cells (adaptive)
2 types of pattern recognition receptors
toll-like receptors (TLRs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
3 miscellaneous receptors
Fc receptors, cytokine receptors, acute phase protein receptors
Where are immunocytes derived?
bone marrow during hematopoiesis
Which cells of the adaptive immune system are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
T cells
Which cells of the adaptive immune system are responsible for humoral immunity?
B cells
Cytokines
small humoral proteins that function as chemical messengers and coordinate immune responses
How fast is innate immunity?
hour to a few days
How do innate immune cells kill pathogens?
phagocytosis
Which cells perform phagocytosis?
macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells
How do cells deal with pathogens that are too large to perform phagocytosis?
release of chemical mediators to break down the pathogen
Which cells release chemical mediators to break down pathogens?
macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils
Natural killer cells
able to recognize damaged self cells and secrete toxic molecules, useful for viruses
Epitope
the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself
What mediates the adaptive immune response?
lymphocytes
Helper T cells
activate or regulate activities of other cells
Cytotoxic T cells
kill host cells bearing a foreign antigen
Where to B cells differentiate?
bursa and bone marrow
Where do T cells differentiate?
thymus
