1: Introduction

Question 1

Humoral aspects of innate immunity

Answer 1

complement, cytokines/chemokines, antimicrobial peptides

Question 2

Humoral aspects of adaptive immunity

Answer 2

antibodies

Question 3

Cellular aspects of innate immunity

Answer 3

monocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes

Question 4

2 types of monocytes

Answer 4

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 5

4 types of granulocytes

Answer 5

mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

Question 6

Cellular aspects of adaptive immunity

Answer 6

B cells and T cells

Question 7

3 types of T cells

Answer 7

helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells

Question 8

3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 8

1. NK cells (innate)
2. T cells (adaptive)
3. B cells (adaptive)

Question 9

2 types of pattern recognition receptors

Answer 9

toll-like receptors (TLRs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

Question 10

3 miscellaneous receptors

Answer 10

Fc receptors, cytokine receptors, acute phase protein receptors

Question 11

Where are immunocytes derived?

Answer 11

bone marrow during hematopoiesis

Question 12

Which cells of the adaptive immune system are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 12

T cells

Question 13

Which cells of the adaptive immune system are responsible for humoral immunity?

Answer 13

B cells

Question 14

Cytokines

Answer 14

small humoral proteins that function as chemical messengers and coordinate immune responses

Question 15

How fast is innate immunity?

Answer 15

hour to a few days

Question 16

How do innate immune cells kill pathogens?

Answer 16

phagocytosis

Question 17

Which cells perform phagocytosis?

Answer 17

macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells

Question 18

How do cells deal with pathogens that are too large to perform phagocytosis?

Answer 18

release of chemical mediators to break down the pathogen

Question 19

Which cells release chemical mediators to break down pathogens?

Answer 19

macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils

Question 20

Natural killer cells

Answer 20

able to recognize damaged self cells and secrete toxic molecules, useful for viruses

Question 21

Epitope

Answer 21

the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself

Question 22

What mediates the adaptive immune response?

Answer 22

lymphocytes

Question 23

Helper T cells

Answer 23

activate or regulate activities of other cells

Question 24

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 24

kill host cells bearing a foreign antigen

Question 25

Where to B cells differentiate?

Answer 25

bursa and bone marrow

Question 26

Where do T cells differentiate?

Answer 26

thymus