3-10 Flashcards
what endospore staining technique are we doing in lab?
Schaeffer -Fulton technique
what are endospores?
dormant form of bacterium that enables it to survive in poor environmental conditions
for example: desiccation, acidic or basic pH, extremes of temperature, low nutrient concentration, radiation, presents of toxins
what is a Genera that produce endospores?
Bacillus
Heliobacterium
Sporosarcina
Sporomusa
what Botulism caused by?
Clostridium botulinum
Gram + anaerobic Bacillus (food borne)
how toxic is Botulism?
produces a toxin so powerful that one pint of the pure material could eliminate the entire population of the world
what are symptoms of botulism?
blurred vision
slurred seech
difficulty swallowing/chewing
labored breathing develop with in hours
how is Botulism treated?
antitoxins
how can one prevent Botulism?
boil canned food for at least 10 minutes
what is tetanus caused by?
Clostridium tatani
one of the most dangerous disease
second most powerful toxin
how does tetanus come about?
spores enter a wound and revert to vegetative bacilli that produce toxin
what do the toxins of Tetanus provoke?
sustained and uncontrolled contractions of the muscle
violent death
how is Tetanus treated?
muscle relaxants
Penicillin
antitoxins
how is Tetanus prevented?
DPT vaccine 2,4,6 months
booster recommended every 10 years
what is Anthrax caused by?
Bacillus anthracis
Gram + (soilborne)
germinate rapidly
lesions covered with black crusts
who does Anthrax affect?
cattle
sheep
goats
(ingest spores from soil)
when animal dies, how does one get rid of Bacillus Anthracis ?
cremate/burn?
how is Anthrax treated?
penicillin
what is causes Gas Gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
gram +
what happens with Gas Gangrene?
blood flow ceases to a part of the body
body part becomes dry and shrunken skin color is purple to black
symptoms of Gas Gangrene?
intense pain
swelling
foul odor
treatment for Gas Gangrene?
amputation
what are endospores composed of?
Exosporium- thin protein layer
cortex- loosely linked peptidoglycan
core- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm
spore morphology
central: center of cell
terminal: on end of cell
lateral: side of cell
what are the results of endospore staining?
red (-) Staphylococcus aureus
green (+) Bacillus Megaterium
steps for endospore staining
primary stain: Malachite Green
decolorization: water
secondary stain” Safranin
when is sporulation done?
in response to nutrient depletion
