2nd phase of the terror Flashcards
When was the 2nd phase
Spring- Sept 1793
Events during this period?
Purging of the Girondins Murder of Marat Provincial revolts War problem increasing S-C getting cray cray New constitution made
Why were Girondins disliked?
Called montagnards and s-c ‘blood-drinkers’ when condemning the Sept Massacres
Felt bad for Louis
BUT they did have support in provinces (just not in Paris)
Dates of purging of Girondins (short term trigger)
3rd May- 8K S-c surrounded Convention demanding price controls on Bread
Robespierre won the vote so 4th May- price controls were secured, despite Girondin opposition
THIS ESTABLISHED JACOBIN-SC ALLIANCE
2nd June- They’re purged; 80k armed NG surround assembly and demand expulsion ; arrest of 29 Deputies
Individual figures encouraging purging of the girondins?
R claimed that they wanted to ‘oppress patriots’ - stirring up the SC
Marat wrote articles blaming Girondins for Fr problems; Girondins then produced an indictment for Marat’s arrest on grounds of inciting murder, breaking the principle that Convention members were immune from prosecution; Marat was tried and acquitted, delighting the SC
When was murder of Marat?
July 1793- Charlotte Corday; a Girondin who believed that the Terror had gone too far
What was reaction to Marat murder?
He became a heroic matyr- heart suspended in an urn in ceiling of the Cordelier club
What provoked provincial revolts?
Expulsion of the Girondins
They didnt like the centralisation of power in Paris…not necessarily counter-revolution they just didnt like the nature of it
How many departments protested in the provincial revolts
60 out of 82
Egs of city which revolted?
Marseille was the first
Bordeaux declared itself in state of revolt until Girondin ministers were restored
Toulon
Small towns like Rhone Valley and Provence
What happened in Toulon?
Most serious revolt
Shut down the Jacobin club so gov shut down food supply
28 Aug- they negotiated with Britain, which put the half of French fleet lying off Toulon’s coast in danger
Size of armies
SMALL - 3500 in Marseille; 400 in Bordeaux… NOT REALLY A REAL THREAT
Evidence of increasing war problem?
Aug 1793- levee en masse; total war effort; buildings become barricades (eg training centre for 800 students set up in Meudon)
Reprisals in Toulon
E800 shot
282 to guillotine
Effect of levee en masse?
France had over a million men in arms by 1794; its 14 armies were well trained and supplied; discipline tightened; reps-en-mission ensured morale was kept up; new, younger generals (roturier- not of noble birth) brought in
