2BA - past tense revision Flashcards
1
Q
How many irregular verbs are there in the past simple form?
A
Four
(mynd, dod, gwneud, cael)
2
Q
to lose (something) +stem
A
Colli
(coll—)
3
Q
I lost
A
Collais i
4
Q
Personal ending: me
A
–ais
(dysgais -I learned)
5
Q
Personal ending: you
A
–aist
(golchaist -u washed)
6
Q
Personal ending: he/she
A
–odd
(siopodd -he shopped)
7
Q
Personal ending: we
A
–on
cerddon -we walked
8
Q
Personal ending: wy
A
–och
(rhedoch -wy biegliście)
9
Q
Personal ending: them
A
–on
(seiclon -they cycled)
10
Q
Patterns of adding the ending:
A
- dropping the ending
- the verb is the stem
- irregular stems
11
Q
Common endings of ending droppings patterns:
A
–i (coll-i)
–u* (cysg-u)*
–io (but the “i” stays: peinti-o)
12
Q
Stem + I learned
A
Dysg-u
Dysgais i
13
Q
Stem + you washed
A
Golch-i
Golchaist ti
14
Q
stem + She walked
A
Cerdd-ed
Cerddodd hi
15
Q
stem + he ran
A
rhed-eg
Rheddod e
16
Q
stem + we shopped
A
siop-a
Siopon ni
17
Q
stem + wy cycled
A
seicl-o
Seicloch chi
18
Q
stem + they returned
A
dychwel-yd
Dychwelon nhw
19
Q
stem + I ploughed
A
ared-ig
Aredais i
20
Q
stem + you stood
A
sef-yll
Sefaist ti
21
Q
stem + she shrieked
A
sgrechi-an
Sgrechiodd hi
22
Q
Examples of the whole verbal noun being the stem (4):
A
Eistedd (sit)
Darllen (read)
Cadw (keep)
Prepare (paratoi)
23
Q
I sat
A
eistedd-ais i
24
Q
You understood
A
Deall-aist ti
25
He showed
Dangos-odd e
26
We read
Darllen-on ni
27
Wy kept:
Cadw-och chi
28
They prepared
Paratoi-on nhw
29
Examples of frequent irregular stems (5):
cymryd -> cymer (take)
meddwl -> meddyli (think)
gwrando -> gwrandaw (listen)
chwerthin -> chwardd (laugh)
dweud -> dwed (say)
30
I took
Cymer-ais i
31
You laughed
Chwarddaist ti
32
She said
Dwed-odd hi
33
We left
Gadaw-on ni
34
Wy shouted
Gwaedd-och chi
35
They thought
Meddyli-on nhw
36
what happens to "r" + example
r ~~> rh
aros -> arhos (stay)
cyrraedd -> cyrhaedd (arrive)
37
what happens to "n" + example
n ~~> nn
disgyn -> disgynn (fall)
gofyn -> gofynn (ask)
38
Ask (all ppl)
gofynnais i
gofynnaist ti
gofynnodd e/hi
gofynnon ni
gofynnoch chi
gofynnon nhw
39
what happens to "nn" in the middle + example
nn ~~> n
ennill -> enill (win)
40
what happens to "-au" + example
-au -> **-eu**
dechrau -> dechreu (start)
mwynhau -> mwynheu (enjoy)
41
Started (all ppl)
Dechreuais i
Dechreuaist ti
Dechreuodd hi
Dechreuon ni
Dechreuoch chi
Dechreuon nhw
42
Enjoyed (all ppl)
Mwynheuais i
Mwynheuaist ti
Mwynheuodd e
Mwynheuon ni
Mwynheuoch chi
Mwynheuon nhw
43
Sent me, you, he
Anfonais i
Anfonaist ti
Anfonodd e
44
Walked my, wy, oni
Cerddon ni
Cerddoch chi
Cerddon nhw
45
Cysgu (all ppl)
Cysgais i
Cysgaist ti
Cysgodd e
Cysgon ni
Cysgoch chi
Cysgon nhw
46
Showed me, you, she
Dangosais i
Dangosaist ti
Dangosodd hi
47
Listen (all ppl)
Gwrandawais i
Gwrandawaist ti
Gwrandawon ni
Gwrandawoch chi
Gwrandawon nhw
48
Got up (me you he)
Codais i
Codaist ti
Cododd e
49
Swam my wy oni
Nofion ni
Nofioch chi
Nofion nhw
50
Ate me you he
Bwytais i
Bwytaist ti
Bwytodd e
51
Washed my wy oni
Golchon ni
Golchoc chi
Golchon nhw
52
Left (all ppl)
Gadawais i
Gadawaist ti
Gadawodd e
Gadawon ni
Gadawoch chi
Gadawon nhw
53
The direct object undergoes...
soft mutation
54
Gareth ate a cake
Bwytodd Gareth gacen
55
Gareth ate a cake (EMPHASIS)
Fwytodd Gareth gacen
(soft mutation)
56
We drank beer
Yfon ni gwrw
57
You learned maths at school
Dysgaist ti fathemateg yn yr ysgol
58
You learned maths at school (EMPHASIS)
Ddysgaist ti fathemateg yn yr ysgol
59
I read five books last month
Darllenais i bum llyfyr y mis diwetha
60
He drove a red car
Gyrodd e gar coch
61
She watched tv yesterday
Gwyliodd hi'r teledu ddoe
62
We bought a new house
Prynon ni dy^ newydd
63
You (pl) ate bread and cheese for breakfast
Bwytoch chi fara a chaws i frecwast
64
They drank red wine and beer
Yfon nhw win coch a chwrw
65
He cooked supper for Mari
Coginiodd e swper i Mari
66
What do we do in questions (interrogative)
Soft mutation is possible
67
Did Gareth eat a cake?
Fwytodd Gareth gacen?
68
Did we drnik beer?
Yfon ni gwrw?
69
Did you learn maths at school?
Ddysgaist ti fathemateg yn yr ysgol?
70
To answer yes/no wuestions we use...
Do (yes)
Naddo (no)
71
Did we buy milk?
Brynon ni llaeth?
72
Did you stay at home?
Arhosaist ti adre?
73
Did your dad get up early?
Cododd dy dad gynnar?
74
Did you leave at midnight?
Gadewaist ti am hanner nos?
75
What do we do when creating a past negative
add "ddim"
aspirate or soft mutation to the main verb
76
She didn't buy milk
Phrynodd hi ddim llaeth
(the object "llaeth" is not muatted)
77
I didn't pay
Thalais i ddim
(Talais)
78
They didn't remember
Chofion nhw ddim
(cofion)
79
He didn't run home
Redodd e ddim adref
(Rhedodd)
80
They didn't eat lungh
Fwyton nhw ddim cinio
(Bwyton)
81
You didn't read
Ddarllenoch chi ddim
82
When the direct object of an inflected ver-noun is definite we use...
ddim o
83
I didn't drink the coffee
Yfais i ddim o'r coffi
84
I didn't see Dylan
Welais i ddim o Dylan
85
of the students
o'r myfyrwyr
86
What kind of holiday do you like?
Pa fath o wyliau wyt ti'n hoffi?
87
What kind of holiday don't you like?
Pa fath o wyliau dwyt ti ddim yn hoffi?
88
Where did you go during summer holidays?
Ble est ti yn ystod gwyliau'r haf?
89
What did you do there?
Beth wnest ti yno?
90
What happens to verbs ending with "ed"
(+example)
--ed ---> ...
clywed -> clywais i
yfed -> yfais i
91
What happens to verbs ending with "eg"
(+example)
-eg ---> ...
rhedeg -> rhedais i
92
i stayed
arhosais i
93
you borrowed
benthycaist ti
94
she took
cymerodd hi
95
he arrived
cyrhaeddodd e
96
we played
chwaraeon ni
97
they won
enillon nhw
98
you (pl) said
dwedoch chi
99
i left
gadawais i
100
you cleaned up
glanheuaist ti
101
she finished
gorffennodd hi
102
he saw
gwelodd e
103
we listened
gwrandawon ni
104
you (pl) thought
gwrandawoch chi
105
they enjoyed
mwynheuon nhw
106
i gave
rhoiais i
107
i visited
ymwelais i
108
PAST SIMPLE in Welsh
(przeszły dokonany: zrobiłem)
...ais i
109
yesterday
ddoe
110
tomorrow
yfory
111
I ate fish yesterday
Bwytais i bysgod ddoe
112
I watched "People of the Valley" yesterday
Gwyliais i Pobol y Cwm ddoe
113
I played rugby yesterday
Chwaraeais i rygbi ddoe
114
I saw a friend yesterday
Gwelais i ffrind ddoe
115
I drank coffee yesterday
Yfais i goffi ddoe
116
I waled to town yesterday
Cerddais i i'r dre ddoe
117
I ran to town yesterday
Rhedais i i'r dre ddoe
118
I got up
Codais i
119
I dressed
Gwisgais i
120
I washed the dishes
Golchais i'r llestri
(no mutation because of "the")
121
I left the house
Gadawais i'r ty^
(no mutation because of "the")
122
I listened to Radio Cymru in the car
Gwrandawais i ar Radio Cymru yn y car.
123
Did you read a book yesterday?
Ddarllenaist ti lyfr ddoe?
124
Did you buy a book yesterday?
Brynaist ti lyfr ddoe?
125
Did you buy bread yesterday?
Brynaist ti fara ddoe?
126
Did you eat bread for breakfast?
Fwytaist ti fara i frecwast?
127
Did you (chi) watch tv last night?
Edrychoch chi ar y teledu neithiwr?
128
Did you listen to the radio last night?
Wrandawoch chi ar y radio neithiwr?
129
Did you stay in the house last night?
Arhosoch chi yn y t^ neithiwr?
130
they did
gwnaethon nhw
