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Welsh kolokwium > 2BA - past tense revision > Flashcards

2BA - past tense revision Flashcards

1
Q

How many irregular verbs are there in the past simple form?

A

Four
(mynd, dod, gwneud, cael)

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2
Q

to lose (something) +stem

A

Colli
(coll—)

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3
Q

I lost

A

Collais i

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4
Q

Personal ending: me

A

–ais
(dysgais -I learned)

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5
Q

Personal ending: you

A

–aist
(golchaist -u washed)

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6
Q

Personal ending: he/she

A

–odd
(siopodd -he shopped)

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7
Q

Personal ending: we

A

–on
cerddon -we walked

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8
Q

Personal ending: wy

A

–och
(rhedoch -wy biegliście)

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9
Q

Personal ending: them

A

–on
(seiclon -they cycled)

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10
Q

Patterns of adding the ending:

A
  1. dropping the ending
  2. the verb is the stem
  3. irregular stems
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11
Q

Common endings of ending droppings patterns:

A

–i (coll-i)
–u* (cysg-u)*
–io (but the “i” stays: peinti-o)

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12
Q

Stem + I learned

A

Dysg-u
Dysgais i

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13
Q

Stem + you washed

A

Golch-i
Golchaist ti

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14
Q

stem + She walked

A

Cerdd-ed
Cerddodd hi

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15
Q

stem + he ran

A

rhed-eg
Rheddod e

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16
Q

stem + we shopped

A

siop-a
Siopon ni

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17
Q

stem + wy cycled

A

seicl-o
Seicloch chi

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18
Q

stem + they returned

A

dychwel-yd
Dychwelon nhw

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19
Q

stem + I ploughed

A

ared-ig
Aredais i

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20
Q

stem + you stood

A

sef-yll
Sefaist ti

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21
Q

stem + she shrieked

A

sgrechi-an
Sgrechiodd hi

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22
Q

Examples of the whole verbal noun being the stem (4):

A

Eistedd (sit)
Darllen (read)
Cadw (keep)
Prepare (paratoi)

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23
Q

I sat

A

eistedd-ais i

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24
Q

You understood

A

Deall-aist ti

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25
Q

He showed

A

Dangos-odd e

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25
Q

We read

A

Darllen-on ni

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26
Q

Wy kept:

A

Cadw-och chi

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26
Q

They prepared

A

Paratoi-on nhw

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26
Q

Examples of frequent irregular stems (5):

A

cymryd -> cymer (take)
meddwl -> meddyli (think)
gwrando -> gwrandaw (listen)
chwerthin -> chwardd (laugh)
dweud -> dwed (say)

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27
Q

I took

A

Cymer-ais i

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28
Q

You laughed

A

Chwarddaist ti

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29
Q

She said

A

Dwed-odd hi

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30
Q

We left

A

Gadaw-on ni

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31
Q

Wy shouted

A

Gwaedd-och chi

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32
Q

They thought

A

Meddyli-on nhw

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33
Q

what happens to “r” + example

A

r ~~> rh
aros -> arhos (stay)
cyrraedd -> cyrhaedd (arrive)

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34
Q

what happens to “n” + example

A

n ~~> nn
disgyn -> disgynn (fall)
gofyn -> gofynn (ask)

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35
Q

Ask (all ppl)

A

gofynnais i
gofynnaist ti
gofynnodd e/hi
gofynnon ni
gofynnoch chi
gofynnon nhw

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36
Q

what happens to “nn” in the middle + example

A

nn ~~> n
ennill -> enill (win)

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37
Q

what happens to “-au” + example

A

-au -> -eu

dechrau -> dechreu (start)
mwynhau -> mwynheu (enjoy)

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38
Q

Started (all ppl)

A

Dechreuais i
Dechreuaist ti
Dechreuodd hi
Dechreuon ni
Dechreuoch chi
Dechreuon nhw

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39
Q

Enjoyed (all ppl)

A

Mwynheuais i
Mwynheuaist ti
Mwynheuodd e
Mwynheuon ni
Mwynheuoch chi
Mwynheuon nhw

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40
Q

Sent me, you, he

A

Anfonais i
Anfonaist ti
Anfonodd e

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41
Q

Walked my, wy, oni

A

Cerddon ni
Cerddoch chi
Cerddon nhw

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42
Q

Cysgu (all ppl)

A

Cysgais i
Cysgaist ti
Cysgodd e
Cysgon ni
Cysgoch chi
Cysgon nhw

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43
Q

Showed me, you, she

A

Dangosais i
Dangosaist ti
Dangosodd hi

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44
Q

Listen (all ppl)

A

Gwrandawais i
Gwrandawaist ti
Gwrandawon ni
Gwrandawoch chi
Gwrandawon nhw

45
Q

Got up (me you he)

A

Codais i
Codaist ti
Cododd e

46
Q

Swam my wy oni

A

Nofion ni
Nofioch chi
Nofion nhw

47
Q

Ate me you he

A

Bwytais i
Bwytaist ti
Bwytodd e

48
Q

Washed my wy oni

A

Golchon ni
Golchoc chi
Golchon nhw

49
Q

Left (all ppl)

A

Gadawais i
Gadawaist ti
Gadawodd e
Gadawon ni
Gadawoch chi
Gadawon nhw

50
Q

The direct object undergoes…

A

soft mutation

51
Q

Gareth ate a cake

A

Bwytodd Gareth gacen

52
Q

Gareth ate a cake (EMPHASIS)

A

Fwytodd Gareth gacen
(soft mutation)

53
Q

We drank beer

A

Yfon ni gwrw

54
Q

You learned maths at school

A

Dysgaist ti fathemateg yn yr ysgol

55
Q

You learned maths at school (EMPHASIS)

A

Ddysgaist ti fathemateg yn yr ysgol

56
Q

I read five books last month

A

Darllenais i bum llyfyr y mis diwetha

57
Q

He drove a red car

A

Gyrodd e gar coch

58
Q

She watched tv yesterday

A

Gwyliodd hi’r teledu ddoe

59
Q

We bought a new house

A

Prynon ni dy^ newydd

60
Q

You (pl) ate bread and cheese for breakfast

A

Bwytoch chi fara a chaws i frecwast

61
Q

They drank red wine and beer

A

Yfon nhw win coch a chwrw

62
Q

He cooked supper for Mari

A

Coginiodd e swper i Mari

63
Q

What do we do in questions (interrogative)

A

Soft mutation is possible

64
Q

Did Gareth eat a cake?

A

Fwytodd Gareth gacen?

65
Q

Did we drnik beer?

A

Yfon ni gwrw?

66
Q

Did you learn maths at school?

A

Ddysgaist ti fathemateg yn yr ysgol?

67
Q

To answer yes/no wuestions we use…

A

Do (yes)
Naddo (no)

68
Q

Did we buy milk?

A

Brynon ni llaeth?

69
Q

Did you stay at home?

A

Arhosaist ti adre?

70
Q

Did your dad get up early?

A

Cododd dy dad gynnar?

71
Q

Did you leave at midnight?

A

Gadewaist ti am hanner nos?

72
Q

What do we do when creating a past negative

A

add “ddim”
aspirate or soft mutation to the main verb

73
Q

She didn’t buy milk

A

Phrynodd hi ddim llaeth

(the object “llaeth” is not muatted)

74
Q

I didn’t pay

A

Thalais i ddim

(Talais)

75
Q

They didn’t remember

A

Chofion nhw ddim

(cofion)

76
Q

He didn’t run home

A

Redodd e ddim adref

(Rhedodd)

77
Q

They didn’t eat lungh

A

Fwyton nhw ddim cinio

(Bwyton)

78
Q

You didn’t read

A

Ddarllenoch chi ddim

79
Q

When the direct object of an inflected ver-noun is definite we use…

80
Q

I didn’t drink the coffee

A

Yfais i ddim o’r coffi

81
Q

I didn’t see Dylan

A

Welais i ddim o Dylan

82
Q

Of - from (translate + what is it?)

A

“O”
conjugated preposition

83
Q

of me

84
Q

of you

A

ochonot ti

85
Q

of him

86
Q

of her

87
Q

of Dylan

88
Q

of the students

A

o’r myfyrwyr

89
Q

of us

90
Q

of you (pl)

A

ohonoch chi

91
Q

of them

A

ohonyn nhw

92
Q

What kind of holiday do you like?

A

Pa fath o wyliau wyt ti’n hoffi?

93
Q

What kind of holiday don’t you like?

A

Pa fath o wyliau dwyt ti ddim yn hoffi?

94
Q

Where did you go during summer holidays?

A

Ble est ti yn ystod gwyliau’r haf?

95
Q

What did you do there?

A

Beth wnest ti yno?

96
Q

What happens to verbs ending with “ed”
(+example)

A

–ed —> …

clywed -> clywais i
yfed -> yfais i

97
Q

What happens to verbs ending with “eg”
(+example)

A

-eg —> …

rhedeg -> rhedais i

98
Q

i stayed

A

arhosais i

99
Q

you borrowed

A

benthycaist ti

100
Q

she took

A

cymerodd hi

101
Q

he arrived

A

cyrhaeddodd e

102
Q

we played

A

chwaraeon ni

103
Q

they won

A

enillon nhw

104
Q

you (pl) said

A

dwedoch chi

105
Q

i left

A

gadawais i

106
Q

you cleaned up

A

glanheuaist ti

107
Q

she finished

A

gorffennodd hi

108
Q

he saw

109
Q

we listened

A

gwrandawon ni

110
Q

you (pl) thought

A

gwrandawoch chi

111
Q

they enjoyed

A

mwynheuon nhw

112
Q

i gave

113
Q

i visited

A

ymwelais i

Welsh kolokwium (27 decks)

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