[29] Hypertension in the Adult

Question 1

Prevalence of HPN in Adults

Answer 1

28%

Question 2

% of Adults that are Unaware of HPN

Answer 2

9%

Question 3

Increasing increments of SBP by how much doubles the risk of CVD?

Answer 3

20mmHg

Question 4

Increasing increments of DBP by how much doubles the risk of CVD?

Answer 4

10mmHg

Question 5

Treatment of HPN reduces risk of stroke by?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

Treatment of HPN reduces risk of MI by?

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

Hypertension is defined by?

Answer 7

SBP >= 140

DBP >= 90

Question 8

True Hypertension by home and by clinic?

Answer 8

Home: 130/80mmHg
Clinic: 140/90mmHg

Question 9

Exact cause of Primary HPN?

Answer 9

Unknown

Question 10

Factors Implicated in Pathogenesis of HPN

Answer 10

1. Increased sympathetic neural activity, with enhanced B-Adrenergic Responsiveness
2. Increased Angiotensin II Activity
3. Genetic Factors
4. Reduced Adult Nephron Mass

Question 11

Risk Factors of HPN

Answer 11

1. Black Race
2. Hypertension in Parents
3. Sodium Intake
4. Excess Alcohol Intake
5. Obesity
6. Dyslipidemia
7. Certain attitudes

Question 12

What largely determines systemic resistance?

Answer 12

Blood Vessel Tone

Question 13

Formula: BP

Answer 13

BP = CO x TPR

Question 14

Formula: CO

Answer 14

CO = SV x HR

Question 15

[T/F] No matter how high the CO or TPR, renal excretion has the capacity to COMPLETELY return BP to normal by reducing intravascular volume

Answer 15

T

Question 16

[T/F] Transplanting a kidney from a normotensive patient to a hypertensive one can improve BP

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Sphygmomanometer Cuff Size Should Be?

Answer 17

Length of the bladder should be 80% and the width should be 40% of the circumference of the upper arm

Question 18

Diagnosis of HPN by BP Reading should be?

Answer 18

3 Readings at least 1 Week Apart

Question 19

White Coat Effect BP Measurement Difference

Answer 19

20/10 mmHg difference between clinic and average daytime ABPM or HBPM at time of diagnosis

Question 20

Most Famous Risk Score used for Risk Assessment

Answer 20

Framingham 10 Year General Risk for CVD

Question 21

[2013 ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guideline]

Diet

Answer 21

Mainly vegetables, fruits, and whole grains

Limited sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and red meats

Question 22

[2013 ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guideline]

Physical Activity

Answer 22

Aerobic Physical Activity 3-4 Sessions a Week

40 Minutes/Session, involving moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity

LIFTING WEIGHTS DOES NOT COUNT

Question 23

[2013 ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guideline]

Alcohol Consumption

Answer 23

1 oz. or 30 mL Ethanol

Question 24

[First Drug of Choice for HPN]

African Americans (All Ages)

Answer 24

CCB or TZD

Question 25

[First Drug of Choice for HPN]

Non African American < 60 Years

Answer 25

ARB or ACE

Question 26

[First Drug of Choice for HPN]

Non African American > 60 Years

Answer 26

CCB or TZD

Question 27

[First Drug of Choice for HPN]

HPN and Clinical CAD

Answer 27

BB with ARB or ACE

Question 28

[First Drug of Choice for HPN]

HPN and Stroke

Answer 28

ARB or ACE