[29] Hypertension in the Adult Flashcards
Prevalence of HPN in Adults
28%
% of Adults that are Unaware of HPN
9%
Increasing increments of SBP by how much doubles the risk of CVD?
20mmHg
Increasing increments of DBP by how much doubles the risk of CVD?
10mmHg
Treatment of HPN reduces risk of stroke by?
40%
Treatment of HPN reduces risk of MI by?
15%
Hypertension is defined by?
SBP >= 140
DBP >= 90
True Hypertension by home and by clinic?
Home: 130/80mmHg
Clinic: 140/90mmHg
Exact cause of Primary HPN?
Unknown
Factors Implicated in Pathogenesis of HPN
- Increased sympathetic neural activity, with enhanced B-Adrenergic Responsiveness
- Increased Angiotensin II Activity
- Genetic Factors
- Reduced Adult Nephron Mass
Risk Factors of HPN
- Black Race
- Hypertension in Parents
- Sodium Intake
- Excess Alcohol Intake
- Obesity
- Dyslipidemia
- Certain attitudes
What largely determines systemic resistance?
Blood Vessel Tone
Formula: BP
BP = CO x TPR
Formula: CO
CO = SV x HR
[T/F] No matter how high the CO or TPR, renal excretion has the capacity to COMPLETELY return BP to normal by reducing intravascular volume
T
[T/F] Transplanting a kidney from a normotensive patient to a hypertensive one can improve BP
T
Sphygmomanometer Cuff Size Should Be?
Length of the bladder should be 80% and the width should be 40% of the circumference of the upper arm
Diagnosis of HPN by BP Reading should be?
3 Readings at least 1 Week Apart
White Coat Effect BP Measurement Difference
20/10 mmHg difference between clinic and average daytime ABPM or HBPM at time of diagnosis
Most Famous Risk Score used for Risk Assessment
Framingham 10 Year General Risk for CVD
[2013 ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guideline]
Diet
Mainly vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
Limited sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and red meats
[2013 ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guideline]
Physical Activity
Aerobic Physical Activity 3-4 Sessions a Week
40 Minutes/Session, involving moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity
LIFTING WEIGHTS DOES NOT COUNT
[2013 ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guideline]
Alcohol Consumption
1 oz. or 30 mL Ethanol
[First Drug of Choice for HPN]
African Americans (All Ages)
CCB or TZD
[First Drug of Choice for HPN]
Non African American < 60 Years
ARB or ACE
[First Drug of Choice for HPN]
Non African American > 60 Years
CCB or TZD
[First Drug of Choice for HPN]
HPN and Clinical CAD
BB with ARB or ACE
[First Drug of Choice for HPN]
HPN and Stroke
ARB or ACE
