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[OS 213] CVS Module > [23] Pharmacology I > Flashcards

[23] Pharmacology I Flashcards

1
Q

When should you administer the first dose of Alpha-1 Blockers? Is it a large or small dose?

A

Small dose administration at bedtime

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2
Q

Function: Guanethidine

A

Inhibit Ca2+ dependent release of NE

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3
Q

Function: Reserpine

A

Blocks vesicles to take up and store biogenic amines

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4
Q

Examples of Alpha-2 Agonist Specific Receptors

A

Clonidine

Methyldopa

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5
Q

Onset of Action of Furosemide

Oral
IV

A

O: 2 hours
IV: 20 minutes

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6
Q

Effects of Furosemide Toxicity

A 
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy
Nephritis
Gout

“OH DANG”

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7
Q

Drugs that cause “First-Dose” Phenomenon

A

Alpha-1 Selective Blockers

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8
Q

For patients with BPH and HPN what drug should you give?

A

Alpha-1 Selective Blockers

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9
Q

Hexamethonium toxicity causes?

A
  1. Excessive orthostatic hypotension
  2. Sexual dysfunction
  3. Constipation
  4. Urinary retention
  5. Precipitation of Glaucoma
  6. Blurry Vision
  7. Dry Mouth
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10
Q

Hexamethonium Mechanism of Action

A

Blocks nicotinic cholinoceptors on both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

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11
Q

This drug causes Lupus-like syndrome in cases of toxicity

A

Hydralazine

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12
Q

Hydralazine’s Mechanism of Action

A

Causes Nitric Oxide release and subsequent vasodilation

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13
Q

This drug causes hirsutism in cases of toxicity

A

Minoxidil

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14
Q

This drug is known to cause reflex tachycardia

A

Minoxidil

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15
Q

This drug is a potassium sparing diuretic

A

Spironolactone

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16
Q

Mechanism of Action of Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone Antagonist

17
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin:

  1. % Bioavailability
  2. % Protein Bound
  3. Half Life
  4. Does it undergo enterohepatic circulation?
  5. What fraction is excreted unchanged in the kidney?
  6. Does it have a narrow or wide therapeutic index
A
  1. 75% F
  2. 20-40% Protein Bound
  3. T1/2 = 40 Hours
  4. Yes, so long T1/2
  5. 2/3 Excreted Unchanged
  6. Narrow Therapeutic Index
18
Q

Major Limitation of Dopamine

A

Tolerance or Desensitization

19
Q

The drug choice for patients with congestive heart failure, hypotension and oliguria.

a. Dopamine
b. Dobutamine
c. Isoproterenol
d. Epinephrine

A

A

20
Q

Mechanism of Action of Milrinone

A

Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor causing increased cAMP

21
Q

Effects of Milrinone

A

Increased myocardial contractility

Promotes Vasodilation

22
Q

Mechanism of Action of Nesiritide

A

Increases cGMP in smooth msucles

[OS 213] CVS Module (33 decks)

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