28 Flashcards
When evaluating effectiveness of a program, consider…
Seven dimensions of ABA, particularly
Effective
A programs power in altering behavior enough to be socially important is essential criterion for Being ..
Effective
To be just effective in applied behavior analysis study must produce behavior changes that reach clinical or Social…
Significance
How is clinical or social significance judged?
- Based on experimental criterion
Clinical significance of results maybe most ballad when supported with scientific experiment Tatian – which can implement subjective judgment regarding social significance
Used to scientifically demonstrate the validity of inferences about the effects of an intervention on a target behavior —through comparison of treated versus untreated target behavior
(In ABA) single subject experimental research designs
May be internal or External
Validity
Rules out alternative explanations of the results
(If a design has)
“internal validity”
And interventions effects will generalize across settings, people, or behaviors
External validity
More weight is placed on the maintenance of overt observable behavior and outcomes overtime, then on subjective reports of behavior in the moment.
Sometimes subjective reports such as self reporting, can become important when a person is private experience or perception is relevant to the overt problem
Ex., Social validity must be taken into account when determining which outcomes are socially valid for an individual in an attempt to increase the quality of the individual’s life
When evaluating the effectiveness of a program
Therapeutic criterion maybe use such as social comparison i.e. comparing a clients post treatment behavior to the behavior of typically developing peers,
Subjective a valuation methods such as self report and the opinion of others as reported on questionnaires, checklist, etc.
To help evaluate the Social validity of the programs effectiveness
Although, Often cannot be the sole method of evaluating a programs effectiveness, it may influence subject of a valuation methods that take into account costs, practicality, and social acceptability
Experimental criterion
These methods have often been shown to be unreliable and in accurate.
Should not rely solely upon them to evaluate a programs effectiveness
Unless….
A persons private experience or perception is the only way to assess an event or qualitative aspect of an intervention brother
Subjective a valuation methods
ASR 1
When determining the effectiveness of a behavioral program, subjective opinions
A. Must not be taken into account
B. Must be given more weight than objective measures
C. None of the above
C.None of the above. Taking subjective opinions into account is often A part of Social validity, but giving that more weight than objective measures disregards effective science
Vital to the success of a behavioral program
May be direct i.e., the individual whose behavior are the primary focus
May be indirect, ie, are the individuals who benefit from the behavior change of the direct consumer, such as teachers, parents, administrators etc.
Establishing the support of consumer
Pairing oneself with reinforcement
Help consumers select and reach long-term goals by targeting socially significant behavior
Persuading with relevant data
Target ever Haviar that might be a small problem I can quickly be changed
Actively listen to consumers issues and goals
Do what you say you’re going to do
Speak in respectful tones
Strategy for gaining direct consumer support
Others one can and should secure support from Why not direct care professionals
Parents/caregivers Family members Neighbors Friends Managers and employees of local businesses The public in general
Behavior analyst and their clients may need the help of others toward the facilitation of…
Generalization probes
Provision of services to client in the community
Offering/maintenance of employment in the community
When Requesting legal services
Necessary funding to help obtain and maintain behavioral and administrative support
May be used to determine if a target response and outcome is successfully occurring in the natural environment
Generalization probes
May begin when the client:
No longer need the service
Not benefiting from the service
Is being harmed by continued service
Client requests discontinuation
Professional and ethical compliance code Behavior analyst:
Termination of professional services
Behavior analyst do not abandon clients. That’s prior to this continuation of services, behavior analyst may make efforts to help clients with the transition to ending or transferring services
Prior to Discontinuation of service, for whatever reason, behavior analyst:
discuss the clients fuse and needs
Provide appropriate pre-termination services
Suggest alternative providers as appropriate
Take other Reasonable steps to facilitate timely transfer of responsibility to another provider if the client needs one immediately, upon client consent
Paramount consideration must be given to the welfare of the direct consumer
Ethical standards: termination of services
Ideally, client no longer need services because they establish criteria for discontinuation have been attained I eat a series of agreed-upon goals have been met.
In general, important to keep and store records of services, goals, and data demonstrating if criteria are met all with the understanding that these records maybe review later at services are required again in the future or if a court of law subpoenas up for legal purposes
Termination of services
Sometimes services must be discontinued because the client is being harmed and/or is no longer benefiting from continue service
Example: if it is discovered that environmental conditions interfere with the implementation of behavioral services, and cannot be eliminated e.g., with the assistance of all the professional services etc., That will be necessary to write a report that identifies the conditions which prevent effective implementation of services
In all cases the potential gain/benefits of continuing a program must be weighed against the risks of continuing
If there is any doubt about whether to continue or not, it’s likely a good idea to generate a report that describes specific and general risk compared to the expected benefits; This may help everyone who is involved in making the decision to continue services are not
Termination of services
ASR
Which is not a recommended way to secure support from consumers or not? Not
After directly observing behavior, immediately proceed with writing a detailed behavior plan, then convince the direct and indirect consumers to sign off on it
ASR
When should behavioral service be discontinued?
When the client has trouble paying on time
When the client is no longer benefiting from service
When the client request you work on other behaviors
Never! We can always find a reasons To work with a good paying clients for the rest of their lives or at least the rest of our mortgage payments.
B
