10- Reinforcement Flashcards
To establish our strength and behavior
Continuous reinforcement
To maintain behavior
Intermittent reinforcement
Used to weaken behavior
Extinction
If it’s been paired with a variety of other reinforcers AND Is effective for a wide range of behavior is then it…
Generalized (Conditioned) Reinforcer
Prior learning is necessary for the stimulus to function as a reinforcer
Conditioned reinforcer
Prior learning was NOT necessary for the stimulus to function as a reinforcer.
Unconditioned Reinforcer
S—R——Desired conditioned reinforcer + Identified reinforcer
Pairing
Ex.
• Desired conditioned reinforcer- Yourself. Provide reinforcer contingent upon appropriate response already in learners repertoire
- Family members and staff: same as above but have family members or staff provide.
- Praise: praise immediately followed by a reinforcer
• Tokens: high functioning Learners: set up a short time. I.e. five minutes.
- “You will earn a token every time you engage in target response; at the end of time, you can exchange your tokens for a rave items/activities.
Other tangibles, activities: other tangible or activity etc. immediately followed by a reinforcer
Pairing identified reinforcer with Desired Conditioned reinforcer.
Emotional responses
Situation/person may become conditioned aversive stimuli
Other behavior that has succeeded at avoidance/escape of aversive stimuli
Unwanted effects of negative reinforcement
Example: Crying after a difficult task is presented
Possible plan:Start with least a verse of task and gradually increased difficulty of task
Emotional responses – unwanted effects of negative reinforcement
Example: Oh no, here comes Mr. G. Time to hide
Possible plan: vary staff members, situations and specific phrases used when training
Situation/person may become conditioned aversive stimuli-
Unwanted effects of negative reinforcement
Example: Crying and screaming After a difficult task is presented
Start with lease aversive task and gradually increase the difficulty of task
Other behavior that has succeeded at avoidance/escape of aversive stimuli
Unwanted effects of negative reinforcement
Beware the cookie monster… Behavior excess
Shadowing the SD
Reinforcing undesirable behavior
Unwanted effects of reinforcement
Example: can I have this? And I have that? In this? And that… Or break please, I want a break etc.
Possible plan: start on CRF to establish behavior, then switch to intermediate reinforcement to maintain at desired level
B where are the cookie monster: behavior excess
Example: Yay, there is Mrs. G, she always gives me cookies I’m gonna follow her all day long
Possible plan: very staff members and specific phrases used when training
Shadowing the ASD
Example: First, Johnny wines for Teddy, then he asks appropriately. Even though he asks appropriately it is always preceded by whining
Possible Plan: Differential Reinforcement:
- RFX: Asking appropriately - EXT: Whining followed by asking appropriately
Reinforcing undesirable behavior
ASR
MDuring an extension procedure for pinching after a difficult task, a BCBA Test says that her client begins to kick after a difficult demand has been placed. Which of the following might the BC BA choose that can “minimize the occurrence of undesirable behavior”?
A. Begin with a simple task for the client, then gradually fade in the difficulty of the task
B. Please kicking on extinction, provide reinforcement for only correct requests for a break
C. Have several different teachers present the task and use extension for all inappropriate behavior
D. Provide reinforcement for a politely requesting a break: please all of the responses on extinction
A
