13- Prompts

Question 1

Operate directly upon the response;

Verbal

Model

Physical prompts

Answer 1

Response prompts

Question 2

Operate directly upon the antecedent stimuli:

Within stimulus

Extra stimulus

Answer 2

Stimulus prompts

Question 3

Antecedent stimuli that are intended to evoke a response in the presence of a putative SD , particularly when the SD, or SD to be, is failing to evoke that response

There are several categories and types of prompts :
Response prompt
Stimulus prompts

Answer 3

Prompts

Question 4

A.k.a., redundancy prompt

Example: Making letters You want to learn Boulder Or a larger font. Or a new color.

Answer 4

Within stimulus prompts

Question 5

Placing a picture of a ball over each letter

Apart from the Original stimuli

Tapping, point, a stair or just a glance at the stimulus being taught a.k.a. movement to

Position cue

Answer 5

Extra stimulus prompts

Question 6

However one prompts, the next step is:

fading out that prompt as soon as possible, in an effort to…

(Stimulus prompt fading)

Answer 6

Transfer stimulus control to natural discriminative stimuli and EOS2,

Question 7

Most to least (fading out)

Graduated guidance

Least to most

Time delay

Answer 7

Four ways to fade response prompting

Question 8

Involves giving the highest level of assistance necessary
e.g., physical guidance through the entire behavior, then,
trial to trial and session to session,
gradually reducing the amount of assistance given

Answer 8

Most to least (fading out)

Question 9

Involves hand over hand assistance, or the teachers hands closely following the learners movements, and the combined use of physical prompting and feeding within each trial or session.

To clarify, the teacher moves in when needed and moves away feed as soon as possible until needed again

Answer 9

Graduated guidance

Question 10

Fading in, involves giving the lowest level of prompting necessary, but trial trial, giving greater and greater assistance until the learned response correctly, after the natural SD is presented

Answer 10

Least to most

Question 11

Constant

progressive,

Answer 11

Time delay

Question 12

—procedure typically starts with several trials of the simultaneous delivery of the prompt and natural SD. In later trials, the prompt is delivered after a fixed amount of time from the SD delivery e.g., Three seconds

Answer 12

constant time delay

Question 13

Very similar to the constant delay, except in later trials, the prompt is progressively delayed. E.g., by one second increments, after the SD delivery when criteria are met

Answer 13

Progressive time delay

Question 14

During each pitch a coach puts his hands around a child when swinging a baseball bat and/or closely follows the child swing with his hands. He fades his promise in as necessary, and fades out as soon as possible. This example is best described as:

Answer 14

Graduated guidance, feeding response prompts

Question 15

A planned or unplanned and to see the stimulus that evokes imitative behavior

Answer 15

A model

Question 16

The topography of the model must be the controlling variable for any…

Answer 16

Imitative behavior

Question 17

A response that:

Immediately follows the model – antecedent stimulus

Has formal similarity with the model

Is evoked by the topography of the model

Requires the learner to have in imitative repertoire

Answer 17

Imitation

Question 18

If the learner has not mastered generalized imitation, then explicit… may be in order

Typically begins when the teacher says do this, then models the action

If Learning can’t imitate the skill, the skill may be broken down into smaller steps and/or prompting such as graduated guidance maybe use, then faded out as soon as possible when the learner is successful

Answer 18

Imitation training

Question 19

Involve the differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a final form of the target behavior

Leads to Differentiated responding i.e., differentiation, across topographies, or within topographies

Answer 19

Shaping

Question 20

Involve the reinforcement of some response topographies, but not other topographies, including those required from previous steps

Typically done in small steps, with response forms that are closer and closer to the final form of the target response

Answer 20

Shaping across topographies

Question 21

Involves the reinforcement of some amount of a dimension of a response but not other amounts of that dimension including amounts required from previous steps

That is, the response topography stays constant, but it’s rate, duration, latency, or intensity etc. is differentially reinforced and small steps, and closer and closer approximations to the final amount of the targeted response dimension

Note: prompting and prompt fading are often used during a shaping procedure but it’s not always necessary

Answer 21

Shaping within topographies

Question 22

Response prompts

Stimulus prompts

Answer 22

Types of prompts

Question 23

A prompt that operates directly upon the response

Verbal, model, physical

Answer 23

Response prompt

Question 24

A prompt that operates directly upon the antecedent stimuli

Within stimulus

Extra stimulus

Answer 24

Stimulus prompt

Question 25

The exercise coach was working with a client to pedal a stationary bicycles at a six speed for 30 minutes. Initially the target was paddling for two minutes. When the client achieved the goal, the coach only rainforest paddling for at least five minutes. When the client achieved the goal, the coach only reinforce paddling for at least 10 minutes, this processed continued until the client eventually pedal for 30 minutes as a set speed which of the following terms best describes this process.?

Shaping within topographies

Shaping across topographies

Prompting and fading

Answer 25

Shaping within topographies

Note: prompting and prompt feeding are often used during a shaping procedure, but it’s not always necessary

Question 26

important that the learner is able to:

• attend it to the model
• Comply with simple request e.g., stay seated, keep hands down, look at objects, etc.

Answer 26

Imitation training