28-31 Flashcards
accord
一致：consistency；相符合，相一致：in harmony；授予，给予：to grant or give
acknowledge
承认：admit
acquire
获取，获得：get as one’s own
acquisitive
贪婪的：desirous
adjudicate
裁决，判定：settle
adversity
厄运，逆境：difficulty
affectation
虚伪，做作：not natural, not genuinely felt
affirm
声称…为真，肯定…属实：valid or confirmed
affix
粘合：attach physically
affliction
痛苦，悲伤，折磨：great suffering
agape
急切盼望的：eagerly awaiting
agility
（身手）敏捷：quickness, ease and grace
*agonize
折磨，使痛苦：agony；感到痛苦：suffer agony
agreeable
令人愉悦的：pleasing to the mind or senses；随和的：easygoing and pleasing manner；相一致：in harmony
*alienate
使…疏远：unfriendly, hostile,indifferent；转让，让渡：convey or transfer
alloy
合金；混合物：combing of two or more different things；掺杂，降低…的纯度：debase by the addition
ambivalent
（尤指感情、态度）矛盾的：opposing feelings
anachronistic
时代错误：chronologically misplaced
analogous
相似的，可比较的：in common
annex
裙楼，副楼：auxiliary building；添加，合并：join；吞并，夺取（土地等）：incorporate
annotate
给…作注解：commentary or explanatory notes
antedate
比…早，早于：earlier date
antipathy
厌恶，反感：aversion, dislike；令人反感的事物：objection of aversion
antiquated
古老的，过时的：out of style
antithetical
完全对立的，相反的：direct and unequivocal opposition
apparition
鬼魂，幽灵：ghostly figure
applicable
可用的，可行的：put to use；相关的，有光的：having to do with；合适的，恰当的：meeting the requirements
apprehensive
知晓的，理解的：impressed on the mind；恐惧的，害怕的：anxious, fearful
arable
适合耕作的：growing of crops
arbitrary
专横的，独断专行的：force one’s will on others；独裁的，拥有无限权力的：without interference by others；缺乏计划的，随意的：lacking a definite plan
arcane
（语言）晦涩的，隐晦的：veiled, uncertain；深奥的，难以理解的：difficult to understand
argument
争吵，争论：expression of differing opinions；（逻辑上的）论证：from a premise to a conclusion；观点，论点：idea, opinion
arid
干燥的：little or no precipitation；无趣的，无聊的：lack of interest
array
排列，阵列：arrangement；排列，摆放：arrange or display；装饰，装修：dress or decorate
assail
抨击，严厉批评：criticize harshly；攻击，猛攻：violent action against
asymmetry
不对称，不均衡：lack of balance
atrophy
萎缩，衰退：waste away
attest
证实，为…作证：give evidence
attune
使协调，使和谐：into harmony
august
威严的，严重的：formal and serious or reserved manner；盛大的，令人印象深刻的：large and impressive
auspicious
好兆头的：toward a happy outcome
austere
朴素的，朴实无华的：simple；严肃的，令人生畏的：stern and cold
automatic
（机器等）自动的：independent of external influence；自发的，情不自禁的：spontaneously or unconsciously
avowal
承认，公开宣称：declaration
backfire
产生相反的结果，事与愿违：reverse
backslide
（情况等）倒退，故态复萌：revert to a worse condition
baffle
挫败，阻挠：frustrate or check；使疑惑：mental uncertainty
baffling
令人疑惑的，难以理解的：hard to comprehend
bash
猛击：forceful blow；攻击，用力击打：strike violently；抨击，严厉批评：criticize harshly
bask
休息，悠然自得：lie or relax
beholden
欠他人人情的：owing gratitude
behoove
对…有利：necessary, proper, advantageous
beige
缺乏特征的：lacking distinction
belligerence
好斗，好战：aggressive or truculent
belligerent
好斗的，好战的：assertiveness, hostility, combativeness
beset
使苦恼，骚扰：cause persistent suffering；攻击，袭击：set upon
bewitching
迷人的，令人着迷的：attract
blackmail
敲诈，勒索：extortion of money
bluff
直率的，（说话）直截了当的：direct, brief, potentially rude；欺骗：deceive
bogus
伪造的，假冒的：being such in appearance only；虚伪的，做作的：lacking, spontaneous quality
bore
令人讨厌的人或事物：causes boredom；使厌倦，使厌烦：make weary
brandish
（带有威胁性地）挥舞：shake menacingly
brim
边缘，边界：outer margin；充满：full often to overflowing；加满，倒满：as much as can be
bumble
含糊不清地说，杂乱无章地说：rapidly, inarticulately；笨拙地行动：clumsily
bustle
忙乱，喧嚣：noisy, energetic；（快速地）行走，奔忙：move briskly
cachet*
威望，声望：mark or quality
calamity
大灾难：disastrous event
calculated
经过计算（成败得失）的，经过深思熟虑的：reckoning or estimating
calibrate*
校准，调校：check, adjust, determine
canny
精明的，聪明的：careful and shrewed
canonize
过分宠爱，过分崇拜：admire too much；使崇高，使神圣：high status or value
captious
吹毛求疵的，爱挑毛病的：stress faults and raise objections
careen
蹒跚而行。不稳定行走：to lurch or swerve；狂奔，快速运动：rush
carefree
无忧无虑的：no worries or troubles
cascade
（尤指小的）瀑布：small fall
cellular
多孔的：porous
ceremonious
讲究礼节的，庄重的：careful attention to set forms
certitude
确定无疑：certain
channel
水渠：passageway for water；海峡：between two land masses；将…导入，投入：move to a central point
chaperone
同行，护送：go along with
charisma
魅力，吸引力：charm
cherished
受喜爱的，珍爱的：granted special treatment
chivalrous
有骑士风度的，（尤指对女性）彬彬有礼的：gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration
chorale
赞美诗：hymn or psalm；合唱班，合唱团：group of singers
clamor
喧闹；喧哗，噪声：loud, inharmonious
clan
（有共同爱好的）团体，帮派：united by a common interest
cleave
紧贴，坚持：adhere；分隔，割裂，劈开：divide
cling
粘结，粘合：physical sticking；紧贴；坚持：adhere
coarse
粗糙的，表面不平整的：not smooth；（声音）刺耳的，粗声粗气的：rough in tone；粗俗的：lacking refinement；（质量）低劣的：inferior quality
cohesive
有粘性的；有凝聚力的：cohesion or coherence
collaborate
合作：work jointly
commiserate
表示怜悯，同情：sympathy
compatible
一致的，能共存的：in harmony
compelling
极具说服力的：persuade；迫切的，紧迫的：immediate attention
complacent
自满的，自鸣得意的：excessive or unjustified satisfaction；无所谓的，不关心的：lack of interest or concern
complementary
互补的：supplying each other’s
complicate
使复杂化：complex or difficult
comprehend
理解，了解：grasp；包括，包含：contain or hold within
concrete
实体的，实在的：matter；事实性的，明确的：in fact
condemn
谴责（…为不道德的、邪恶的）：declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil
conditional
有条件的，受制约的：dependent
conflagration
大火：large destructive fire；武装冲突：armed violent struggle
conflate
混合：turn into a single mass
conform
使协调：bring into harmony；调整（以适应）：change to make it suitable；遵照，遵从：obedient, compliant
conjure
请求，恳求：entreat earnestly；在脑海中浮现，想起：form a mental picture
consent
同意：approval
consign
转交，转移（给他人）：control of another
consternation
惊愕，恐慌，恐惧：paralyzing dismay
constrict
压缩，压紧：binding or squeezing
contemplate
沉思，仔细考虑：consider
contempt
蔑视，鄙视：unworthy of one’s concern or respect
contend
竞争，争夺：strive or vie in contest；声明，声称：state as a fact
contradict
否认，反驳；与…相矛盾：contrary
contrived
不自然的，刻意的：lacking spontaneous quality
convene
召开，召集：bring together in assembly；聚集，集合：come together
correlate
使…相关联：mutual or reciprocal relation
counterpart
（地位、功能）对等的人或物：same function or characteristics
counterproductive
反效果的，阻碍预期目标的：not producing desired goal
courteous
礼貌的，谦恭有礼的：polished manners
coy
故作羞涩的：flirtatiously shy or modest；不愿与人交往的，内向的：tending to avoid people
credible
可信，值得信赖的：worthy of being accepted
credit
信任，信赖：mental conviction of the truth；表扬，赞扬：acknowledgment or admiration
crow
感到高兴：joy or triumph；自鸣得意：pride in one’s own possessions
damn
（在道德上）谴责：morally wrong or evil；非常地，极其地：great degree
dampen
（特指稍稍地）弄湿：wet；抑制，压抑（感情、精力等），泼冷水：diminish the feeling, activity or vigor
dashing
爱好冒险的，大胆的：take risks
dated
过时的：passed its time of use
deadlock
僵局：a state of inaction or neutralization；使陷入僵局，使停顿：to a deadlock
debonair
无忧无虑，不在乎的：freedom from worries or troubles；风度翩翩的：polished and worldly manners
decadent
堕落的，腐败的：lowered moral character；放纵的人：devoted to luxury and sensual pleasures；道德上堕落的人：moral decay
decry
强烈反对，否定：strong disapproval
deflect
使偏斜，使转向：turn aside from a straight course
defray
支付：undertake the payment
deign
（不情愿地）屈尊，俯就：condescend reluctantly
delegate
代理人，代表：representative for another；移交（权力，任务等）：possession or safekeeping of another
delineate
勾勒，用线条描绘：by drawn or painted lines；描写，描绘：describe，portray
demote
降职，降级：a lower grade
dependable
可靠的，值得信赖的：depended on
deplorable
可鄙的，可耻的：condemnation or reproach；悲惨的，可悲的：cause great distress
desperate
绝望的：no hope
dichotomy
一分为二，分割：division into two
dictate
指令，命令：command；（仗着地位，权力）下令：request
dike
堤坝，水坝：control or confine water；水沟，水渠：long narrow channel
discreet
（言行）谨慎的：good judgment and restraint；不易察觉的：not readily seen or noticed
disenchant
使清醒：free from illusion
dishearten
使沮丧，使失去信心：lose spirit or morale
disjunctive*
分离的：breaks or disunity
disprove
反驳，证明为假：prove to be false
distinctive
完全不同的：not of the same kind；特征性的，典型的：serving to identify
doctrinaire
教条主义的，照本宣科的：strongly held opinions
domineer
专制统治：overbearing control
drab
单调的，无聊的：dullness and monotony
dramatic
显著的，惹人注意的：striking
dread
恐惧：fear
duplicate
复制品：exactly alike；复制：make a copy；重复，反复：do over or again
dynamic
有力量的，有活力的：productive activity
eclectic
混合的，多元化的：from various sources
efficacious
有效的：produce a desired effect
elude
躲闪，躲避：avoid adroitly；使无法理解，使困惑：escape the perception
enamored
迷恋的，热爱的：intense or excessive love
endeavor
努力，奋斗：conscientious or concerted effort；努力做，拼搏：devote serious and sustained effort
enthrall
（像用魔咒般）吸引：hold the attention
equilibrium
均势，平衡：opposing forces are equal；（感情上的）平静：evenness of emotions
erroneous
错误的，不正确的：containing error
escort
护卫队，护送者：accompanying another；同行，护送：go along with
ethos
道德准则：code of good conduct
exorcise
除去：ger rid of
explicate
解释，说明：detailed explanation
exterminate
根除，消灭：killing off
extrapolate
（通过逻辑）判断：form an opinion through reasoning
fabulous
传说中的：fable；幻想中的，不真实的：in the imagination；令人惊讶的，令人称奇的：causing wonder；极好的：extremely pleasing
fad
（短暂的）流行，时尚：popular for a short time
fallible
可能出错的：erroneous
fanciful
幻想中的：不真实的：in the imagination；不切实际的，荒谬的：without regard for reason
favoritism
偏爱，偏袒：special favor
featureless
缺乏特征的：lacking distinguishing characteristics
feisty
好斗的，好争论的：aggressiveness
felony
重罪：grave crimes
ferocious
极端的，剧烈的：unrelenting intensify；激烈的，爆发性的：bursts of destructive force；凶猛的，残暴的：unfriendly or aggressive
fervent
充满感情的，热情洋溢的：great intensity of feeling
figment
虚构的事物，幻觉：made up
fitful
无规律的，缺乏周期的：erratic or intermittent
fleeting
稍纵即逝的，短暂的：for short time
forage
寻找：search
forebode
预示，预兆：show signs
foreground
强调，重视：indicate the importance
forfeit
罚金：punishment
forsake
彻底放弃，抛弃：renounce
frosty
寒冷的：low temperature；无强烈情感的，冷淡的：lacking in friendliness or warmth
gawky
（举止）笨拙的：inability to move in a graceful manner
germinate
发芽：begin to grow；出现：come into being
glacial
极冷的：extremely cold；冷漠的，无感情的：devoid of warmth
glide
轻松地行动，轻松地通过：smoothly, continuously, effortlessly
glower
怒目而视：stare with anger
graft
移植，移接：implant surgically
grit
（面对困难时所表现出来的）毅力：endure pain or hardship
groggy
虚弱的，（走路）不稳的：weak and unsteady；无法思考的，头脑不清的：not able to think or move
grudge
怨恨，仇恨：ill will
grumble
（尤指低声地）抱怨，埋怨：complain
halfhearted
不感兴趣的，不热情的：lacking heart
heckle
起哄，使难堪：harass
hierarchical
分等级的，等级制的：classified
hobble
跛行，蹒跚而行：haltingly or with difficulty；阻碍，妨碍：hamper the action
humdrum
千篇一律，单调：lack of variety；无聊的，乏味的：lacking excitement
humiliate
羞辱，使丧失尊严：to a lower position
hypothetical
假设，前提条件：starting point；假定的：assumption speculation
idiosyncrasy
独特而奇怪的习惯：odd or peculiar habit
idle
闲置的，未使用的：not turned to use；懒散的：lazy；懒散度日，无所事事：without working
ill-bred
没有教养的，没有礼貌的：impolite
illustrious
著名的，杰出的：distinguished
imperishable
不能被摧毁的：impossible to destroy；不朽的，永恒的：occurring forever
implicit
不言而喻的，心照不宣的：understood though unexpressed；无疑问的，无保留的：without doubt
impostor*
冒名顶替者，骗子：assumes false identity
impunity
免责，免受处罚：freedom from punishment
incentive
刺激，诱因：incites
incumbent
义不容辞的，必须的：obligation duty
indecorous
不合礼节的，不得体的：conflicting with accepted standards
infraction
违背，违反：failure to uphold the requirements
justify
证明…的合理性，为…辩解：prove to be just, right
lag
最终的，最后的：following all others；缓慢行走：slowness；萎靡，失去活力：lose bodily strength
lance
长矛，标枪：long straight handle and sharp head or blade；刺穿，刺破：penetrate
lax
松弛的，不紧的，不严格的：not tense, firm, or rigid；懈怠的，漫不经心的：failing to give proper care
license
许可，认可：approval；自由：move freely；放荡：disregard for standards；准许，授权使用：permit or authorize
lionize
追捧，把…捧为名人：celebrity
ludicrous
荒唐的，可笑的：derisive laughter
luminous
发光的，有光泽的：emitting or reflecting light；杰出的：standing above
lurid
恐怖的：令人反感的：causing revulsion；面色苍白的，病态的：pale in appearance
machination
轨迹：scheming or crafty action
madcap
热爱冒险的人：seeks our very dangerous or foolhardy adventures；大胆的，鲁莽的：foolishly adventurous or bold
magnitude
重要，重大：greatness in significance；巨大：greatness in size
malevolent
恶意的，恶毒的：vicious ill will, spite，hatred
malignant
恶毒的，邪恶的：desire to cause someone pain
maneuver
巧妙地操纵：guide with adroitness and design
marginal
边缘的：near a border；不重要的：not of central importance
meditate
思索，沉思：focus
menial
仆人，奴仆：servant；卑贱的，低下的：spirit of humility or unseemly submissiveness
meretricious
艳俗的，俗气的：vulgar manner
milieu
环境，氛围：physical or social setting
military
军事的，军用的：soldiers, arms, or war
misapprehension
错误的理解、判断：failure to understand；wrong judgment
monarch
君主，帝王：rules；巨头，大亨：person of rank, power, or influence
monopolize
垄断，主宰：complete control
nirvana
彻底放松的状态：disregardful or unconscious；天堂，极乐世界：utter perfection and happiness
nostalgia
思乡之情：homesick；怀旧，怀念：sentimental yearning for return
notoriety
（尤指因为丑闻而出名的）名人：widely known something bad；坏名声：ill fame
nourish
养育，培养：provide with food；培养，促进：help with growth
novice
新手，初学者：new
nullification
（尤指法律条文等正式的）废除，废弃：doing away
numb
失去感觉的：devoid of sensation；麻木的，无感情的：devoid of emotion
oaf
愚蠢的人：stupid person
observant
警惕的，警觉的：paying close attention；严格遵守（规章、制度或原则）的：observing
obsolete
过时的，被淘汰的：no longer useful
onset
攻击，进攻：attack, assault；起始，开始：begins
ordeal
严峻的考验：severe trial
ostensible
表面上的，佯装的：appearing to be true
outgrowth
结果，后果：traceable to a cause
outmoded
过时的，废弃的：no longer usable
override
不顾：set aside
overshadow
使变黯淡：make dark, dim；（在重要性上）超越，超过：exceed in importance
overwhelm
淹没：cover；（感情上、精神上）使无所适从，使难以忍受：subject to mental stress
overwrought
十分激动的，非常不安的：agitation；（装饰、文风等）过分华丽的：excessively decorated
palaver
对话，交流：exchange of views；闲聊：profusely or idly
palpitation
（有节奏的）舒张收缩：expanding and contracting
panacea
万能药，万灵药：remedy for all ills
peculiarity
特征，特点：distinguishing characteristic
pedagogical
教学的；教师的：teacher or education
peel
剥去…的皮：strip off；脱去（衣服等）：take off clothes
perceptive
敏锐的：sense slight differences；洞察力强的：deep understanding
perilous
危险的：potential loss or injury
perquisite
额外的好处：given in addition
petulant
易怒的，爱发脾气的：easily irritated
pioneer
扩荒者，先驱者：first to settle；最初的，最早的：coming before；开创，创造：open up
pious
（信仰上）虔诚的：devotion to divine worship；忠诚的：firm in one’s allegiance
pitfall
陷阱：capture and hold animals；（不易察觉的）危害：hidden danger
pivotal
最关键的，最为重要的：greatest possible importance
placid
宁静的，风平浪静的：free from storms；冷静的，淡定的：free from agitation
playful
爱开玩笑的，好打闹的：joking or teasing
plebeian
平民的，社会下层：low social or economic rank
plentitude*
丰富，充沛：more than sufficient；大量：considerable amount
plodder
行走缓慢的人：moves slowly
plush
（味道等）浓郁的：abundance quality；奢华的，豪华的：notably luxurious
poach
水煮：cook in a liquid
pointer
（仪表上的）指针：scale indicator；忠告，建议：suggestion or hint
pragmatic
实用主义的，务实的：practical approach
premeditate*
预谋：think about beforehand
prerequisite
先决条件，前提：necessary to an end
prerogative
特权，权力：right, power, privilege
proclaim
宣告，使…公之于众：declare publicly
project
方案，计划：specific plan；凸出：extend outward；预测，预计：based on present data or trends
proprietary
所有权：ownership；私营的：privately owned
prototype
原型：original model
rampant
（植物）生长茂盛的：growing thickly；猖獗的，不受限制的：occurring without restraint
ravenous
食量大的，贪食的；贪婪的：huge appetite
redeem
实践，履行（诺言等）：required；改过自新：make better
refreshing
令人身心振奋的，提神的：renewing effect
remnant
残余，剩余物：left over
renege
放弃，摒弃：formally reject
replenish
补充：fill again
replicate
复制，复刻：make an exact likeness；重复，反复：do again
residual
剩余的，残存的：residue
restitution
补偿，赔偿：for some injury
resurrect
使重生，使复苏：bring back to life
retentive
记性好的：retain knowledge or information
retrieve
寻回，找回：get back again
reverberate
回荡，回响：continue or be repeated sound waves
rhetorical
语言上的，文字上的：words or language；言辞华丽（却往往无内涵）的：fancy but meaningless
rigmarole
混乱而无意义的话：confused or meaningless talk
ruthless
没有怜悯心的，残忍的：no pity
sacrosanct
极为神圣的，不可侵犯的：most sacred
scourge
祸害：source of harm
screen
掩护物，屏障：shelters, protects, or hides；保护，使…免受攻击：drive attack away；掩护，遮蔽：shut off from view
scrimp
节俭：avoid waste
scruple
（良心上的）不安：uneasy feeling about the rightness
secede
脱离，拖出（组织、团体、联盟等）：withdraw from an organization
sectarianism
宗派主义，顽固：adherence prejudices
secular
世俗的，尘世的：worldly or temporal
sequel
结果：result
shift
改变…的位置：change position；改变，变化：pass from；交换：in return
shifty
（显得）狡诈的，（显得）欺诈的：deceitful character
simile
明喻：comparing two unlike things
skittish
容易受到惊吓的，胆小的：easily frightened；容易激动的：easily excited；善变的，多变的：likely to change
sparing
节俭的，节约的：careful restraint；不足的，缺乏的：less plentiful
splinter
尖细条，刺：sharp, slender piece；将…切成细条：break into sharp, slender pieces
splutter
急切而不清楚地说：hastily and incoherently
squeamish
恶心的，晕船的：nausea
stasis
平衡，停滞：balance
staunch
忠诚的，坚定的：steadfast in loyalty
stereotype
成见，老套的理念：conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified opinion
stigmatize
使蒙上污名：disgraceful or ignominious
substitute
取代者，替代品：takes the place of another；取代，替代：take the place of
succumb
屈服：yield to superior strength；死亡：death
supersede
取代，替代：displace
surly
脾气不好的：churlish in mood
surmise
（根据不足的）推测，揣测：based on scantly evidence
surmount
战胜，获得胜利：achieve a victory
surpass
超越，强于：become better；突破（界限、纪录等）：beyond the limit
surrogate
替代品：takes the place
surveillance
监视，监控：close observation
tame
被驯化的：reduced from a state of native wildness；无聊的，乏味的：lacking spirit；控制，抑制：keep from exceeding
tangle
困惑，不解：perplexity；纠缠，使….纠结：in a snare
teeming
大量的：great numbers
temporal
世俗的，尘世的：earthly life
tentative
暂时性的，尝试的：not fully developed
thick-skinned
冷漠无情的，不顾他人感受的：unaffected
thrill
强烈的兴奋感，快感：pleasurably intense stimulate；使兴奋，使激动：excitement
timely
及时的，无拖延的：without delay；恰到好处的，合乎时宜的：appropriate
topsy-turvy*
混乱的，不整洁的：lacking in order, neatness
trifle
不重要的事：little importance or value；不正经地对待，玩弄：without serious intent
trifling
细微的，不重要的：lacking in significance
tycoon
大亨，巨头：person of rank, power, influence
tyrant
暴君：oppressively or brutally
umbrage
不悦，生气：feeling of being offended or resentful
unanimous
一致同意的：consent of all
unavailing
徒劳的，无果的：producing no results
unremitting
连续不断的：without any interruptions
versed
熟知的：having information；精通的：exceptional knowledge
vile
丑陋的：unpleasant to look at；（道德上）可鄙的，卑鄙的：morally despicable
vocation
职业：employed
vouchsafe
允诺，给予：grant in a gracious or condescending manner
voyeur
窥淫狂：observing unsuspecting individuals
wanting
未出现的，缺少的：not present；未达到要求的：not being up to standards
wayward
刚愎自用的，不服管束的：following one’s own inclinations
weather
安全度过（危机等），经受住：come through
willful
固执的，倔强的：self-willed；故意的：deliberately
willy-nilly
不论是否愿意地：desired or not；无秩序的，随意的：without order
wilt
（花、植物等）萎焉：limp or flaccid；精神萎靡，憔悴：fatigue or exhaustion
wily
狡诈的，狡猾的：deceptive means
wiretap
偷听，窃听：get information
wistful
（带着忧伤而）渴望的，怀念的：yearning or desire with melancholy
wrest
拧，扭动：wringing or twisting movements；辛苦地获得：gain with difficulty
wrongheaded
固执己见的，坚持（错误观点）的：stubborn in adherence
