01-03 Flashcards
abandon
放纵:constraint；放纵：unrestrainedly；放弃：withdraw；停止做某事：put an end to
abase
降低（地位、职位、威望或尊严）：lower
abash
使尴尬，使羞愧：self-confidence，embarrass
abate
减轻（程度或者强度）：reduce，degree，intensity；减少（数量），降低（价值）：reduce，amount，value
abbreviate
v.缩写，缩短：briefer
abdicate
v.正式放弃（权力、责任）：throne
aberrant
adj.异常的，非常规的：deviating
abet
v.帮助，怂恿：assist or support；v.鼓励：encourage
abeyance
n.终止，搁置：inactivity
abhor
vt.深恶痛绝，极度厌恶：extreme repugnance
abiding
永久的：enduring
abject
adj.无精打采的：spiritless；adj.（地位、身份）悲惨、凄凉的：low state;adj.卑微的，讨好的：humble
abjure
v.发誓放弃:rejecting,abandoning;v.抵制避免:resist
abnegate
否认：deny，renounce；投降，放弃，交出（权力等）：surrender，relinquish
abominate
憎恶：abhor
aboveboard
无欺诈的，光明正大的：free from，deceit or duplicity
abrade
磨损，精神上的折磨：wear away, by friction
abridge
缩短，缩小：shorten；在不改变本意的条件下删减词语，缩写：shorten
abrogate
官方的正式废除：annul；无视（某事的）存在：nonexistent
abscond
偷偷离开：depart secretly
absolute
专制的：unconstrained; 无限的unqualified; 完美的，纯净不惨杂的：free from imperfection, mixture; 不容置疑的，确凿的：unquestionable
absolve
使无罪，解除责任：free from, guilt, exculpate
abstain
自我克制，主动戒绝：refrain, by one’s own choice
abstemious
（吃喝等）有节制的，节俭的：restraint, food or alcohol, sparing
abstract
做总结，概括：abstract, summarize; 使分心：away, attention
abstruse
难以理解的：recondite
absurd
不合理的：unreasonable
abundant
大量的： great plenty
abuse
辱骂，抨击：condemn or vilify; 不正当的或不合理使用的：wrong or improper use; 过分过量使用的：use excessively
abut
邻接，毗邻：adjacent
abysmal
极低的，极可怜的：immeasurably low; （程度）很深的，极端的：immeasurably great
accede
赞成：approval, consent; 就任，就职：come into an office
accelerate
加速：faster; 使提前发生：earlier; 变大，变多：greater
accessible
可以达到的：within easy reach; 可以理解的：understood; 能够获得的：get
accessory
辅助的，附属的：secondary, supplementary, subordinate; 帮凶：one, wrongdoing
accidental
意外发生的，偶然的：unexpectedly; 附带的，不重要的：not being a vital part
acclimate
使适应：to change (something) so as to make it suitable
accolade
同意，赞赏：approval; 赞扬：praise
accommodate
提供所需（例如服务、借贷、寄宿）：provide; 改变以适应新情况、新场景：make, suitable;使和谐：free of conflicts
accost
以挑衅的形式搭讪：challenging or aggressive way
accrete
逐渐增长：grow, gradually
accumulate
逐渐增长：increase gradually
acerbic
（心情、心境或者语调）尖酸的：wit, cause hurt feelings
acme
顶点，极点：highest; 最佳典范：most perfect type
acquiesce
勉强同意；默许：accept, tacitly or passively
acrid
辛辣的，刺鼻的：harsh, taste, odor; 刻薄的：wit, cause hurt feelings
acrimonious
刻薄的，充满仇恨的：deep-seated resentment
acumen
不同寻常的洞察力和鉴别力：exceptional discernment and judgment
acute
敏锐的：keen discernment; 严重的，急性的：immediate attention; （程度、影响）极强的：extreme
adamant
固执的，不可动摇的：unshakable, unyielding, inflexible
adapt
修改，使（适应）：modify
addict
沉溺，上瘾：surrender, obsessively; 对某事上瘾的人：habitual liking
adhere
依附，粘着：stick; 服从，遵守：according to the commands; 坚定地支持：steadfast support
adjourn
延期，休会：suspend;
adjunct
附属物，非必需部分：not essentially a part
ad-lib
即兴的：without previous thought or preparation
admonish
建议：give advice; 责备：reprove gently
adore
喜爱，因···感到愉悦：pleasure; 宠爱：tenderness
adulate
极度谄媚：praise too much
adulterate
掺杂，加入低等成分：impure, addition
adumbrate
部分地或有保留地揭露：disclose; 预示着：give a slight indication
adventitious
外来的，后天的，非内在的：not inherent or innate
adversary
敌手，对手：resists, enemy
advert
引起注意，提到：refer
advocate
支持，提倡：support
affable
和蔼的，温和的：ease, friendliness
affinity
喜欢，倾向：attraction
affluent
富裕的：sufficient
aggrandize
增加、提高（力量、财富、地位、声誉）等：enhance
aggravate
加重，恶化：worse, serious, severe
aggregate
集合体：units or parts, associated; 集合，聚焦：collect or gather
aggressive
好斗的：attack; 强有力的，强烈的：forcefulness
aggrieve
使苦恼，使悲痛：pain, trouble, distress
agitate
煽动，激起：arouse; 使不安：trouble the mind, disturb
agog
极度感兴趣的：urgent desire or interest
agonize
（使）非常痛苦：deep sadness
airtight
无瑕疵的：no, flaw; 密封的，不透气的：impermeable to air
alacrity
反应迅速，乐意，欣然
alibi
不在场的证明，托辞，借口：excuse
alienate
疏远，离间：make unfriendly; 转移，变卖（财产或权利）：convey or transfer
align
使排成一行：line; 调准，校准：adjust
allay
减轻：subdue, reduce, intensity or severity
allegiance
忠诚：devotion or loyalty
alleviate
缓和，减轻：relieve, lessen
allude
间接提到：indirectly
allure
吸引：attract or delight; 诱惑做（某事）lead, pleasure or advantage
ally
盟友，支持者：association; 加入联盟：enter
aloft
在空中：in flight
aloof
孤高的，不合群的：distant
altruism
利他主义：unselfish
amalgamate
合并，混合：combine, unified, unite
ambiguous
有多种理解方式的，不确定的：more than one, doubt, uncertain
amble
漫步，闲逛：walk slowly, leisurely, stroll
ambrosial
（食物）特别美味的，香的：extremely pleasing
ameliorate
改善，改进：become better, improve
amenable
顺从的，服从的：yield, submit
amenity
（环境、设备等的）舒适，人性化：comfort; 融洽，和谐：pleasant, agreeable
amiable
好脾气，友好易相处的：friendly
amicable
友善的：friendly, amiable
amity
友好关系，亲善和睦：friendship, friendly
amorphous
无固定形状的：definite, shapeless; 不可归类的：unclassifiable
analgesic
镇痛剂：medication, reduce, eliminates pain
anarchist
反抗权威的人：rebels against any authority
anathema
诅咒：curse
ancillary
次要的：secondary importance;辅助的，补充的：auxiliary, supplementary
anecdote
短小有趣的故事：short narrative, interesting, amusing
anemic
缺乏力量、活力、精神的：lacking force
anesthetic
止痛剂：relieves pain; 无感觉的，麻木的：lacking awareness or sensitivity
animate
活的：有活力的：life; 使有活力，支持：high-spirited energy; 使行动，驱使：action; 使活灵活现，使栩栩如生：lifelike movement
animus
敌意：spiteful, malevolent, enmity
annoy
不断烦扰：disturb, repeated
annul
宣告无效，取消：legally invalid; 抵消：balance, ineffective
anomalous
不普通的,不平常的：out, ordinary; 反常的，不正常的：departing
anonymous
匿名的：not named, identified; 无特色的：lacking individuality
antagonize
与…敌对，反对：opposition, counteract; 激怒：incur, provoke, hostility
antediluvian
非常古老的，过时的：extremely old, antiquated; 保守的人：old-fashioned
anterior
前面的：before
antic
滑稽可笑的：clownish
apathy
冷漠，缺乏情感：lack, feeling, emotion; 缺乏兴趣，不关心：lack, interest, concern
aphorism
格言，警句：short witty
apocalyptic
预言的，启示的：prophetic; 重要的，转折点的：major turning
apocryphal
假的：doubtful authenticity, spurious
apoplectic
极度愤怒的：extremely angry, furious
apostasy
放弃宗教信仰：renunciation, faith; 变节，背叛：abandonment, previous loyalty
appall
使惊恐：consternation
appeal
申请：application; 起诉：charge, crime, accuse
appealing
吸引人的：attractive, inviting
applause
鼓掌，认可：approval
apposite
相关的，合适的：pertinent, appropriate
appreciable
可感知的，明显的：perceptible
apprehension
忧虑，恐惧：suspicion, fear; 逮捕：arrestment; 理解：understand
apprise
通知，告知：inform
approbation
同意：approval
appropriate
私自挪用：take possession, without permission; 适当的：suitable, fitting
apropos
相关的：relevant; 关于，有关：having to do with
apt
恰当的，合适的：suitable, appropriate; 有倾向的，可能的：tendency, likely; 聪明的：intelligent, responsive
archaic
过时的，久远的：no, current, antiquated
archetype
典范，榜样：ideal; 先驱，鼻祖：earlier; 原型：copies
ardor
狂热：strong enthusiasm, devotion, zeal
arduous
难以做到的，费劲的：difficult
argot
隐语，黑话，行话：specialized, particular
arrest
使不活跃：inactive; 停止：stopping, standstill; 逮捕：keep; 吸引（某人）注意力：hold, attention
arresting
吸引人的：attracting, striking
arrhythmic
不规律的：lacking, regularity
arrogance
傲慢，自大：overbearing pride
articulate
清晰地表达：clearly, distinctly; 表达清晰的：able, express, clearly
ascendant
有影响力的，主宰的：dominant, influence, superior; 上升的：upward, rising
ascetic
苦行的，克己的，禁欲的：self-denial; 禁欲者：person, self-discipline
aseptic
消毒的，无菌的：preventing infection; 缺乏活力的：lacking vitality; 冷漠的：lacking emotion
askew
不成直线的（地），歪的（地）：awry
aspect
外表，容貌：appearance
asperity
（举止、性情）粗暴：roughness; （环境）艰苦：rigor, severity
aspersion
诽谤，中伤：harm, reputation
aspirant
有抱负者，有野心者：aspires; 想成为···的：seeking
assent
同意：agree
assert
断言，肯定地说出：declare, forcefully, aggressively
assertive
自信的：bold, assertion, self-assured
assess
评估（重要性、尺寸、价值等）：determine; 征收费用（如罚款）：charge, penalty
assiduous
勤勉的，专心仔细的：careful
assuage
缓和，减轻：lessen, intensity; 平息，抚慰：pacify, calm; 使满足：satisfying
astounding
令人吃惊的，出乎意料的：astonishment, amazement
astute
机敏的，有洞察力的：shrewdness, perspicacity
asunder
分离成多部分或多片地：separate parts, pieces; 分离地：apart
asylum
收容所，保护所：refuge, protection
asymmetrical
不平衡的，不对称的：no balance, symmetry
atone
赎罪，弥补：amends
atrocious
极坏的，极其残忍的：extremely wicked; 让人极为不满的：extremely unsatisfactory
attenuate
降低（数量、力量、价值）：lessen
audacious
大胆的，（但往往）愚勇的：fearlessly, recklessly; 蔑视（法律、礼节）的，无礼的：contemptuous of law; 乐于冒险的：take risks; 大胆创新的：verve
augur
预言家：predicts; 出现好兆头：signs of, successful outcome; 预言：tell, beforehand
authentic
真实的，非仿造的：exactly; 准确的，相符的：original
authority
（某领域的）权威人士：a high level of knowledge; 管辖权，控制：lawful control; 影响力：power to direct; （管束他人的）权力：right, control others; 根据，理由：warrant
autocracy
独裁政府：government, unlimited power
autonomy
政治上的独立：self-governing; 自我主导的自由，（尤其是）精神独立：independence
avarice
贪财，贪婪：insatiable
aver
声称为真：state, forcefully; （态度强硬而明确地）声明：state clearly
aversion
非常讨厌，极厌恶：dislike; 令人厌恶的事物：someone that is hated
avid
急切渴望的：enthusiasm; 贪婪（钱财）的：eager, for material possessions
awash
被淹没的：by water; （如洪水般）泛滥的：filled, covered, overrun
awe
敬畏：dread, veneration, wonder
awkward
缺乏灵活性和技巧的：lacking dexterity; （处理问题）缺乏手段和智谋的：a lack of skill and tact; 臃肿笨拙的，不优雅的：lacking ease; 令人尴尬的：embarrassment; （因过大或过重设计问题）难以操作的：difficult to use
awning
雨篷，遮阳篷：shelter
awry
弯曲的，扭曲的：turned, twisted; 走样的（地），出差错的（地）：off, course
axiomatic
公理的：axiom; 不言自明的：self-evident
babble
发出含糊无意义的嘟囔声，胡乱说：utter, meaningless; 闲聊：rambling conversation
backhanded
间接的，含沙射影的，虚情假意的：indirect
badger
不断纠缠或骚扰：harass, persistently
badinage
打趣，善意的玩笑：banter
bait
逗弄，激怒：persecute, exasperate; 引诱：lead away; 诱饵：something, luring
bale
痛苦，悲哀：sorrow
baleful
有害的：harmful; 凶兆的，凶恶的：evil; 致命的：causing death
balk
阻碍：check, obstacle; 不愿接受，拒绝：unwillingness
balky
不服管束的，倔强的：refusing
ballad
（由简单诗节和叠句组成的）民歌：poem
balloon
迅速增加：increase
balm
香油，止痛膏，安慰物：sweet-smelling oil, soothe; 香气：pleasant smell
banal
非原创的，陈腐的：trite
bane
祸根：ruin; 有害物质：kill or injure a living thing
banish
驱逐出境：leave, country; 赶出：force out
banter
幽默、打趣的（地）谈话：humored
barb
尖锐而严厉的批评：critical
barbarous
野蛮的，凶残的：mercilessly; 未开化的：uncivilized
barefaced
公然的，厚颜无耻的：brazen
bargain
协议：agreement; 讨价还价：negotiate
baroque
装饰华丽的，过分雕琢的，复杂的：extravagance, complexity, flamboyance; （程度上）过分的：beyond, limit
barrage
弹幕：curtain; 有压倒之势的、集中倾泻的（如言语）：overwhelming, outpouring; （同时）袭来：attack with, overwhelming outpouring
barren
不育的：incapable, producing; 不产生结果的，无效的：no results; 贫瘠的：deficient; 极度匮乏的：lacking
barricade
障碍物：obstruction, rampart; 用障碍物阻止通过：prevent access
barter
以物换物：trade, without
batch
一批次的量：unit; 一小群人：small number of persons
bathetic
平凡的，陈腐的：commonplaceness
bawdy
下流的，猥亵的：indecent
bedeck
装饰，点缀：make more attractive
belabor
（当众）严厉批评：criticize; 就···作过度的说明，喋喋不休：explain, excessively
beleaguer
包围，围攻：to surround; 使困扰，使烦恼，使消沉：trouble
belie
错误的描述，误述：picture falsely; 证明···为假：false, wrong; 掩饰：shut off from view; 与···相对立，与···相矛盾：counter
bellwether
领导者，带头人：lead
beneficent
仁慈的，好慈善的：charity; （对个人或社会）有益的：contributing
benign
好心的，仁慈的：kindness, gentleness; 无害的：not causing
berate
（长时间）严厉指责：scold, vehemently, at length
beseech
（急切地）恳求：beg
besmirch
弄脏，弄污：make dirty; 诽谤，玷污：detract from the honor
bifurcate
（使）分成两支：two branches
bigot
固执己见者，有偏见的人：obstinately devoted
bland
味道平淡的，不刺激的：soothing; 无趣的：dull; 温和的，和蔼的：not harsh
blandishment
甜言蜜语，讨某人好话：coax, cajole
blasé
（过度放纵之后）厌倦享乐的，腻厌的：apathetic
blast
爆炸：explosion; 一阵猛烈的强风：gust; 巨响：loud, sound; 炸裂，爆破：cause to break open;斥责，抨击：criticize harshly
blatant
大声喧哗的：noisy; （让人生厌地）惹人注目的：noticeable
blazon
使知名：make known openly; 修饰，装扮：make more attractive
blemish
缺点，污点：imperfection; 损害，玷污：reduce
blight
（使）枯萎：affect; 损害：impair
bliss
极度快乐：ecstasy; 极乐世界：place of perfect happiness
blithe
愉快高兴的：happy lighthearted; 无忧无虑的，漫不经心的：freedom from worries
blueprint
蓝图，详细计划：architects’ plans; 事先计划：work out, in advance
blunder
过失：error, mistake; 在···方面犯了很愚蠢且通常很严重的错误，糟蹋：make a stupid, error; 蹒跚：unsteadily
blunt
使变钝：less sharp; 减弱（力度等）：weaken in strength or feeling; 直率的：direct, brief
blur
（使）变得朦胧，（使）变得不清楚：vague; 使不易理解：unclear to the understanding
blurt
突然说出，冲动地说：abruptly
bluster
狂妄自大地大声说：loudly arrogant; 大声吹嘘，恐吓：loudly; 喧闹的状态：noisy
boggle
（因为怀疑、恐惧）犹豫：hesitate; 笨拙地做：unskillful way
boisterous
喧嚷的，吵闹的：noisily
bolster
支撑（物）：provide support；鼓励、使有精力：boost
bombast
夸大的言辞：pompous
bonhomie
温和，和蔼：geniality
boo
嘘（以表示不满或嘲笑）：contempt, scorn, disapproval
boon
恩惠，福利：benefit; 喜欢集体活动的：enjoy the company of others
boor
粗鲁的人，不敏感的人：rude
bootless
无用的：useless
bound
界限：beyond which a person or thing cannot go; 给···设置界限：set limits; 投入的，坚定的：fully committed
boycott
联合抵制，拒绝参与：concerted refusal
bracing
令人振奋的，给人带来活力的：giving strength
brake
刹车：less rapid
brash
愚勇的，鲁莽的：foolishly adventurous; 缺乏判断力的，不明智的：poor judgment
brassy
厚脸皮的，不知羞耻的：rude boldness; 华而不实地炫耀：showy
bravado
假装勇敢：pretense; 虚张声势：swaggering
bravura
优秀演技（的）：brilliant
brazen
蛮横大胆的，厚颜无耻的：contemptuous boldness; 大胆自信地去面对或从事：bold self-assurance
breach
（对伦理、法律准则的）破坏：breaking, moral or legal code; 违背：fail to keep
brevity
简短，简洁：shortness; 精炼：few words
bribe
贿赂，收买：give, money
bridle
限制
brisk
充满生机的，有活力的：activity; （言辞或方式）尖刻辛辣的，刻薄的：keen or sharp
bristle
怒不可遏，咆哮：anger; 供应充足，充满：copiously
brittle
易碎的，脆弱的，易坏的：broken; 不热心的，不真心的：lacking in friendliness
broach
开启，启封：open; 提出讨论：present
bromide
陈词滥调：hackneyed
brook
忍受，容许：tolerate; 小溪流：creek
browbeat
恐吓：intimidate
bruit
（未经证实地）散播（消息）：make, the subject of common talk
buck
阻止，反对：refuse assent; 转移，交接：shift possession
budge
（使）改变立场或态度：alter a position; 停止抵抗，屈服：cease resistance
bulge
凸起：protuberant; 比赛中的优势地位：more favorable condition; 暴涨，突增，在数目或数量上突然而且是临时性的增加：sudden, usually temporary increase; 充满：copiously supplied
bully
欺凌弱小者：intimidating manner; 最好的，最棒的：best
bumptious
专横傲慢的，自以为是的：superiority
bungle
办遭，失败：work clumsily
buoy
使充满勇气和力量，使振作：courage or strength
buoyant
有浮力的：floating; 心情好的：good mood or disposition
burgeon
迅速成长扩大，蓬勃发展：grow, rapidly, flourish
burlesque
夸张滑稽地模仿以嘲弄他人的文学艺术作品，恶搞：make fun of
burnish
擦亮，磨光：make smooth or glossy
buttress
扶墙：supporting, wall building; 为···提供支撑的证据或者信息：provide evidence or information for
byzantine
错综复杂的：complicated, secretive, interrelated
cache
囤货，藏货：supply; 隐藏：hiding
cachet
同意：approval; 声望：prestige
cacophony
刺耳的声音：inharmonious sound
cadge
乞讨，乞求：beg
cajole
哄骗：wheedle
calcify
使僵化：inflexible, unchangeable
calibrate
调整，使标准化：standardize; （根据标准）精确测量：measure precisely
calligraphy
（优美的）书法：elegant handwriting
callous
无同情心的，冷漠的：unfeeling
callow
不老练的，不成熟的：lacking, experience
calumniate
诽谤，造谣，中伤：false statements
camaraderie
友情：friendly
cameo
栩栩如生的描绘，简洁生动的描述或刻画：brief, vivid portrayal; 客串：brief but dramatic appearance
camouflage
伪装，伪装手段：deceive, hide
canard
谣传，误传：misleading
candor
坦率，直率，诚挚：honest, sincere
canon
准则，标准：standard, criterion; 真经，正典：authentic
