Unit 2: Chemistry of Life 2 Flashcards
Energy comes from the rapid movement of _______ normally, but it could be ______ too.
electrons, neutrons
E represents _______
energy
Energy of position. (Usually refers to electrons “locked” in a chemical bond.)
Potential Energy (PE)
Energy of movement. (Usually refers to electrons that can move freely.)
Kinetic Energy (KE)
An element’s or molecule’s properties are usually associated with the number of _______ it has.
electrons
Run horizontally on the Periodic Table.
Periods
Elements behave _________ as you go across a period.
differently
Elements behave ________ as you go down a column or family.
similarly
Run vertically on the Periodic Table
Columns or families
These occur between elements or molecules.
Chemical bonds
This type is the strongest type of chemical bond.
Covalent bond
Results from sharing electrons between elements or molecules to fill both outer shells.
Covalent bond
They always create a molecule. (The size of the molecule may differ though.)
Covalent bonds
__________ molecules carry an electrical charge at opposite poles
Polar
__________ molecules do not have an electrical charge.
Non-polar
Used to show the shape of the molecule
Structural Formula
Tells the elements, and number of atoms of each, that make up a molecule
Molecular Formula (Chemical Formula)
These are fairly strong bonds while dry – but are weak in water so they dissolve into ions.
Ionic bonds
These bonds are created by gaining or losing electrons between elements so that each element can fill its’ outer most shell.
Ionic bond
possess a positive charge because it has more protons than electrons.
Cations
possess a negative charge because it has more electrons than protons.
Anions
A cation bonded to an anion to make a salt when dry.
Ionic compounds
Fairly weak bonds. (It is “like” a magnet) (A positive Hydrogen attracted to a negative “Substance”…usually oxygen.)
Hydrogen bonds
These are the most important biological bonds.
Hydrogen bond
