26. Congenital Heart Disease

Question 1

most common cause of Atrial septal defect?

Answer 1

ostium secundum defect

Question 2

wt heart sound is associated with atrial septal defect?

Answer 2

fixed split second heart sound

Question 3

heart sound associated with patent ductus arteriosus?

location?

Answer 3

machine like murmur

left upper sternal border

Question 4

hw does blood flow in the ductus artriosus in the fetus?

in patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 4

fetal - R to L

PDA - L to R due to dec pulmonary resistance

Question 5

drug that closes patent ductus arteriosus?

drug/compound that keeps open?

Answer 5

indomethacin close

Prostaglandin E keeps it open

Question 6

wt congenital heart defect is associated with trisomy 21?

Answer 6

atrioventricular septal defects

Question 7

baby presents w coarction of the aorta,
wt should you do first? why?
where is the aorta narrowed?

Answer 7

administer PGE to maintain ductus arteriosus

juxtaductal area (near DUCTus arteriosus)

Question 8

cause of tetrology of falot?

wt is the tetrad?

Answer 8

anterior-superior deviation of infundibular septum

Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
VSD

Question 9

diagnostic test of choice for most congenital heart defects?

Answer 9

echocardiogram

Question 10

wt congenital malformation is commonly associated w a right aortic arch?

Answer 10

Truncus arteriosus

Question 11

child presents w murmur but no other symptoms, diagnosis?

Answer 11

ASD

Question 12

5 week old baby presents with tachypnea, irritability, failure to thrive and diaphoresis,
diagnosis?

Answer 12

VSD

Question 13

pt presents with absent femoral pulses, diagnosis?

Answer 13

CoA

Question 14

wt are tet spells?

wt defect causes most of them?

Answer 14

hypercyanotic episodes

tetralogy of fallot

Question 15

hw to tx tet spells? why?

Answer 15

knee-chest position
decreases systemic venous return
inc systemic vascular resistance