22. HTN Flashcards
3 things lowering blood pressure prevents? order
CHF > Stroke > MI
5 compelling indications for tx of HTN?
HF Diabetes w proteinuria CAD Chronic renal insufficiency CVA
does lowering BP prevent stoke or MI better?
Stroke
effects of ANP on BP?
Angiotensin II?
ANP - dec BP
AG II - inc BP
wt is necessary to maintain hypertension?
altered renal set point
pt presents with high BP and low serum potassium,
diagnosis?
cause?
hw to diagnose?
Hyperaldosteroniam
ECF expansion
nonstimulatable renin levels (use diuretic) and nonsupressable aldosterone levels (volume expansion)
hw does pheochromocytoma cause HTN?
hw to diagnose?
epi and norepi –> vasoconstriction
measure urine catecholamines followed by CT of abdomen
1 cause of hypertension?
primary/essential
young female presents with HTN,
diagnosis?
fibromscular dysplasia (renovascular HTN)
5 risk factors for atherosclerosis?
smoking dyslipidemia age >60 male or postmenopausal female family history
2 drugs to tx uncomplicated HTN?
diuretics, beta blockers
2 drugs to tx diabetics w proteinuria with HTN?
ACEI, ARBs
drug to tx MI w HTN?
beta blockers
2 drugs to tx systolic HF?
ACEI or ARBs
hw is malignant hypertension most commonly diagnosed?
retinal exam
3 cases where secondary hypertension should be evaluated?
early HTN
HTN w no family history
severe or difficult to control HTN
wt is a red flag for hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia w ACE inhibitors
when should beta-blockers be used to tx HTN?
if atherosclerosis is evident
wt should be included in regimen for HTN in pts with renal failure or heart failure?
ACEIs
