23 Msmt and Instrumentation

Question 1

what is operationalization?

Answer 1

define how variable will be measured–make operational definition

Question 2

when describing how measures taken, need to consider:

Answer 2

allow others judge adequacy and appropriateness, complete enough to let others replicate

Question 3

objective measures are:

Answer 3

measures of quantities/qualities with equipment

Question 4

what are subjective measures?

Answer 4

ratings or judgements of quantities and qualities by humans

Question 5

examples of some quantities/qualities more suitable for subjective?

Answer 5

taste, degree of salt/sweet

Question 6

observed value =

Answer 6

true value +/- error

Question 7

desirable properties of msmt tools correspond to:

Answer 7

reliability, validity, practicability, applicability

Question 8

ways to evaluate reliability?

Answer 8

test-retest, inter-observer, internal consistency

Question 9

what is test retest?

Answer 9

make same test twice, correlate one with other, r>0.8 is good. If subjective, rate same variable twice

Question 10

what is internal consistency?

Answer 10

extent to which results on diff items correlate when msmt tool/test has multiple items

Question 11

if don’t have gold standard to determine validity, how to do this?

Answer 11

have some procedures to evaluate test validity, like compare diff methods

Question 12

how to assess for validity?

Answer 12

content validity, sensitivity and specificity, predictive validity

Question 13

what is content validity?

Answer 13

determine if all content has been tested

Question 14

what is sensitivity?

Answer 14

proportion of ppl who test positive correctly

Question 15

what is specificity?

Answer 15

proportion of ppl who test negative correctly

Question 16

what is predictive validity?

Answer 16

ability of test to predict future values of it or another test

Question 17

example of predictive validity

Answer 17

a rating scale x for selecting patients likely to respond to treatment, rating scale y evaluate effectiveness of treatment, determine correlation of x with y

Question 18

measuring instruments/procedures developed w/ known lvls reliability and validity

Answer 18

standardized measures and tests

Question 19

measure or categorize values of variable with ___ when only use numbers as labels and just have math of = or not =

Answer 19

nominal scales

Question 20

rank ordering of values of a variable, can make statements about rank but not about size of difference

Answer 20

ordinal scales

Question 21

continuous scale with defined intervals, with arbitrary rather than absolute zero point, enabling ID of equal intervals between msmt values

Answer 21

interval scales

Question 22

zero is not arbitrary in this scale

Answer 22

ratio scales

Question 23

these scales produce quantitative msmts

Answer 23

interval and ratio (higher scale allows more math ops)

Question 24

type of scale determines type of ____ appropriate

Answer 24

statistic