19 Model Systems and Human Experimentation Flashcards
why in vitro, no living material?
study biomolecules, model systems, food components, study phys/chem properties
in vitro with living material involves cultured cells to what capacity?
culture cells from tissues to examine function/metabolism (avoid use of animals except to get cells in beginning), use for screening and study cell mechanisms easier
diff types of cultured cells?
primary (hepatrocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons), immortalized (cancer cell lines), embryonic (can grow and then differentiate into adult cells)
in vitro w/ living material involves microorganisms in culture to what capacity?
use as models for animal cells, use bio/clinically relevant microorg (ferment, microbiota, pathological), test systems
in vitro involves ____ tissues, organs, organelles in what capacity?
ex vivo; isolated heart/brain/blood/nuclei/mito, see effect of diet comps in vitro/after feeding animal
animal experimentation of direct benefit to animal includes:
animal / veterinary science (cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, fish)
animal experimentation as model system in ___ sciences, using ____
biomed; rodents, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, nematodes, fruit flies
what is non-survival animal experiment?
end in death, do observations/msmts on tissues (fixed/frozen for later analyses)
what is survival, chronic, terminal?
longer term study involving intervention, experiment end in death
what is survival, chronic, non-terminal
longer term study involves intervention, not end in death
example of survival, chronic nonterminal?
feeding trials
advantages of animal experiment?
can use all tissue, examine deposition in body, use tracers, access to organs, more homogeneous, better control
disadvantage of animal experiment?
have to extrapolate to humans
limits of human studies?
many organs can’t access, can’t use dangerous chems, expensive and time consuming, patience (rapport building), inventive to get info
what can be used in human experiment?
blood measurements, normal products (urine, feces, breath, saliva, sweat, hair, skin, nails, buccal mucosal cells), biopsy (subcutaneous and other), stable isotopes, invasive procedures like GI intubation and laparoscope
