15 Nutrition Descriptive Research Flashcards
types of group dietary data:
food disappearance data, household food intakes
what is food disappearance?
determine total food available, evaluate amount utilized (subtract exports, fed to livestock, non food uses, wastage), calculate per capita intakes
what are household food intakes?
survey household member responsible for food purchase and meal planning, ask to keep record of purchases/menu for week
what are individual diet methods?
24 hr recall, food records/diaries, diet histories
what are limitations of 24-hr recall?
variation in food selection on diff days
what are strengths of food records?
don’t rely on memory, more accurate
what are limits of food records?
period could be atypical, subjects agree to participate not representative
what are diet histories?
interview of usual daily intakes or FFQ
what need consider for diet histories?
should validate instrument with pretests, often based on food groups with similar nutr values
diet history used in pop. studies to seek ___ of disease
etiology
what is epidemiology?
describes distribution of disease, associations between possible causal factors and disease, generates hypotheses that can be tested by analytical methods
what are epidemiological approaches to diet and disease?
1) correlation studies 2) special exposure groups
3) migrant studies and secular trends
4) case control studies 5) cohort studies 6) cross sectional study 7) controlled trials 8) meta-analysis and pooled analysis
correlation studies are generally ____ and often from ____ data
ecologic; food disappearance
groups with unusual diets, providing opportunity to study relation of diet and disease
special exposure groups
useful to address genetic vs ecological factors , may take generations
migrant studies/secular trends
compares people with certain disease with comparable group without (control), obtain dietary history
case-control studies
prospective studies, diet of group of healthy individuals assessed and group followed over time
cohort studies
limitations of cohort?
practical (cost, time, number of ppl needed), use FFQ
ex. of cohort study?
nurse’s health study
measurements made at once with no follow-up
cross-sectional study
strength of x-section?
don’t need wait for disease develop
weakness of x-section?
difficult establish causal relationship
group given inactive substance and other given dietary constituent that may affect disease risk –experimental design
controlled trials
