2.3 Flashcards
Neonates
Newborns
What is CRH
Corticotropin releasing hormone
What does CRH do
Triggers the release of hormones and the process that leads to birth
What causes contractions
When oxytocin hormone levels become high enough
Braxton-hicks contractions
Also called false labor
After 4th mo, uterus starts contracting occasionally to ready for delivery
How many stages of labour are there
Three
Which stage of labour is longest
First
Describe contraction frequency throughout three stages of labour
First - every 8-10min, last 30 sec
Gradually shorten between, and increase duration
3rd - every 2 min, last 2 min
How long does second stage of labour last
90 minutes
Episiotomy
Incision made between vagina and rectum, to increase size for baby to pass through. Less commonplace now
When does second stage of labor end?
When baby completely leave the moms body
What is the shortest stage of labour
Third
What happens in the third stage of labour
Umbilical cord and placenta are expelled from mother
Apgar scale
Standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns
What five factors are measure in the apgar scale
appearance/color pulse/heart rate grimace/reflex irritability activity/muscle tone respiration/respiratory effort
What happens if a newborn scores 7 or under on apgar scale?
They need help to start breathing
What happens if a newborn scores under 4 on apgar scale?
They need immediate life saving intervention
How can the process of birth give the child defects?
Umbilical cord can wrap around babys head and deprive them of oxygen
Anoxia
Restriction of oxygen to the baby that lasts a few minutes and causes brain damage
Bonding
Close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth
T/F there is a critical bonding period between mother and child after birth, and if it doesn’t happen then, the relationship forever suffers
False
When are midwives chosen over OBGYNS and physicians?
When the baby is expected to have no complications
T/F midwifery is regulated in Canada
True
Midwife
A nurse specializing in childbirth
Doula
Someone who provides emotional, psychological, and educational support during birth
They do not do medical exams
T/F doulas are regulated in Canada
False
Epidural anesthesia
Produces numbness from waist down
Traditional episorals
Immobilize the woman and can prevent them from pushing the baby
walking/dual spinal epidural
Uses smaller needles and administers doses continuously. Permits more free movement and less side effects
Why does use of epidurals vary across the country
People have different levels of access to them
What is more common in canada, home births, or hospital births?
Hospital births
T/F using pain reducing drugs has long term effects on the infant
False
Preterm infants
Infant born before 37weeks. High risk for illness and death
Low-birth weight infants
Infants who weigh less than 5.5 pounds at birth
Small for gestational age infants
Infants who weigh 90% or lower of average weight of infants of same gestational age
T/F the majority of preterm infants do not develop normally
False
Very low birth weight infants
Infants who weigh less than 1250 grams or left the womb before 30weeks
Kangaroo care
Babies are held skin to skin to the parents chest. Helps infants develop
T/F massaging infants helps the, grow
True. it triggers release of growth hormones, helps them cope with stress
What causes preterm and low birth weight deliveries?
Multiple birth young/old mother Getting pregnant within 6mo of last delivery Fathers age Health of mom
Postmature infants
Infants still unborn two weeks after the moms due date
Caesarean delivery
Baby is surgically removed from uterus
Why is a c-section more lily to occur
Baby shows distress Vagina starts bleeding Old mother Baby in breech position Baby in transverse position
Breech position
Feet first
Transverse position
Baby lies crosswise in uterus
Fetal monitors
Monitor babys heartbeat during labour
T/F why are fetal monitors not used as regularly anymore?
They can prompt doctors to use c-section even when it really isn’t necessary
Stillbirth
Delivery of dead baby
How common is stillbirth
Less than 1 in 100
Infant mortality
Death within first year of life
Postpartum depression
A period of deep depression following birth of child
What increases risk of postpartum depression
People who have history of depression
People unprepared for range of emotions following birth
Hormonal swings
What effects does maternal depression have on children?
Babies show little positive emotion, withdraw
Reflexes
unlearned, organized, involuntary response to certain stimuli
Describe a neonates visual acuity
Not fully developed, but they like looking at complex things and can detect movement
They like looking at blue and green
Describe a newborns auditory acuity
They still have amniotic fluid in middle ear which needs to drain before they can fully hear
They’ll cry if they hear other newborns crying, but stop if they hear a recording of themselves crying
Describe a newborns olfactory acuity
They suck and increase activity if you put peppermint near nose
Describe a newborns taste acuity
They pucker up if you put something sour on their moth
Circumcision
Surgical removal of foreskin from penis, often done shortly after birth
T/F circumcision protects against STDs and HIV
True
T/F circumcision decrease risk of UTI’s
True
T/F circumcision reduces risk of penile cancer
True
Classical conditioning
Organism learns to respond a particular way to a neutral stimulus
Operant condition
The strength of a voluntary behavior is either increased or decreased through association with positive or negative consequences
Habituation
Repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases intensity of response
Orienting response
When a newborn is presented with a novel stimulus, they become quiet and attentive, but soon the novelty wears off m they no longer react
T/F babies can imitate facial; expressions
~
Research on this is not conclusive.their “imitation” may just be exploratory behavior
