1.3

Question 1

how do developmentalists answer their questions?

Answer 1

through the scientific method

Question 2

scientific method

Answer 2

process of posing n answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation n the collection of data

Question 3

what are the 3 major steps of the scientific method

Answer 3

identify questions of interest

formulate explanation

carry out research

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

prediction stated in a way that permits testing

Question 5

theory

Answer 5

broad explanations n predictions about phenomena of interest

Question 6

what is needed to make a hypothesis?

Answer 6

a theory

Question 7

what are the two types of research strategies?

Answer 7

correlational research

experimental research

Question 8

correlational research

Answer 8

research that seeks to identify whether an association/relationship between two factors exists

Question 9

experimental research

Answer 9

research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors

Question 10

why can’t we use experimental research to answer all our questions?

Answer 10

bc it can be unethical in some situations

Question 11

can you use correlational data to conclude anything?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

types of correlational studies

Answer 12

naturalistic observation
case studies
survey research

Question 13

naturalistic observation

Answer 13

observing something in its natural environment w/o interfering

Question 14

drawback of naturalistic observation

Answer 14

researchers can exert no control over factors of interest, there may not be enough instances of the behavior they’re interested in

ppl who know they’re being watched might adjust their behavior

Question 15

ethanography

Answer 15

understanding a cultures values and attitudes through careful extended examination

often employed in naturalistic observation

Question 16

case studies

Answer 16

extensive in depth interview w individual/ group of individuals

can be used to draw tentative conclusions that might apply to others

Question 17

diaries

Answer 17

participants r assumed to keep record of their behavior

Question 18

survey research

Answer 18

group of ppl chosen to represent some larger population r asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic

Question 19

psychophysiological methods

Answer 19

research that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes n behavior

Question 20

what are the most frequently used psychophysiological methods

Answer 20

EEG

fMRI

Question 21

EEG

Answer 21

Electroencephalogram

records electrical activity in brain

used to diagnose epilepsy n learning disabilities

Question 22

fMRI

Answer 22

uses magnetic field to generate 3D image of brain activity

Question 23

experiment

Answer 23

process in which an experimenter devises two diff experiences for participants

Question 24

treatment/experimental group

Answer 24

is exposed to the treatment variable being studied

Question 25

control group

Answer 25

is not exposed to the treatment variable being studied

Question 26

independent variable

Answer 26

variable that researchers manipulate in an experiment

Question 27

dependant variable

Answer 27

variable that researchers measure and expect to change as a result of experimental manipulation

Question 28

T/F after completing an experiment, you can come to a conclusion

Answer 28

false

it must be replicated/repeated first

Question 29

meta analysis

Answer 29

combining results of many studies into an overall conclusion

Question 30

sample

Answer 30

the group of participants chosen for the experiment

Question 31

field study

Answer 31

research carried out in the natural setting

Question 32

lab study

Answer 32

research carried out in a controlled setting

Question 33

T/F field studies can only be used in correlational studies

Answer 33

false

can be used in experiments

Question 34

theoretical research

Answer 34

designed to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

Question 35

applied research

Answer 35

meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems

Question 36

what are the 3 major research strategies to measure developmental change

Answer 36

longitudinal
cross sectional
sequential

Question 37

longitudinal studies

Answer 37

behav of one cohort is measured as they age

measures change over time

Question 38

drawbacks of longitudinal

Answer 38

time investment
participants can drop out
participants can become test wise

Question 39

cross sectional research

Answer 39

looking at several cohorts at the same point in time

Question 40

drawbacks of cross sectional

Answer 40

differences could be cohort differences, not age differences

Question 41

sequential studies

Answer 41

longitudinal + cross sectional

several cohorts over time

Question 42

ethical research principles

Answer 42

1) protect participants from harm
2) obtain informed consent
3) deception must be justified n not cause harm
4) maintain participant privacy