(21.1) Sleep and EEG, [includes DSA and Lecture] (Karius)

Question 1

__________ in an EEG are often considered pathological

Answer 1

Clear “patterns” in an EEG are often considered pathological

Question 2

When do alpha waves occur?

Answer 2

Quiet wakefulness (thinking) with eyes closed

Question 3

When do beta waves occur?

Answer 3

Alert wakefulness with eyes open

Question 4

What is happening here?

Answer 4

Alpha Block

Someone is having their EEG measured with eyes closed, then once eyes open, abrupt change in wave pattern

Question 5

Where are these waves most prevalent?

Alpha waves =

Beta waves =

Answer 5

Alpha waves = Occipital lobe

Beta waves = Frontal and parietal cortex

Question 6

When do gamma waves occur?

Answer 6

Individual is aroused or focused on something

***Especially prominent when planning a motor response

Question 7

Gamma waves require the ____________

Answer 7

Hippocampus

Question 8

When do Theta waves occur?

Answer 8

Normal in children

In adults, may occur with frustration or disappointment

Also occur in sleep

Question 9

Theta waves originate from the…

Answer 9

Hippocampus

Question 10

When do delta waves occur?

Answer 10

Deep sleep in adults

Infants

Question 11

What would a delta wave during “wakefullness” indicate?

Answer 11

Serious organic brain disease

Question 12

Reduced metabolism leads to ________________ that can be observed on en EEG

Answer 12

Reduced metabolism leads to reduced neuronal activity that can be observed on en EEG

Question 13

What stage of sleep is associated with vivid dreams that you remember?

Answer 13

REM sleep

Question 14

Dreams do occur during non-REM sleep, but that are generally _______________

Answer 14

Dreams do occur during non-REM sleep, but that are generally rehashing of day’s events

Question 15

The __________ controls both the circadian rhythm and sleep induction/arousal separately

Answer 15

The hypothalamus controls both the circadian rhythm and sleep induction/arousal separately

Question 16

What actiates the VPO neurons thus inducing sleep?

Answer 16

Adenosine

Question 17

It is crucial to prevent muscle activation during dreams.

What is responsible for that?

Answer 17

Locus Ceruleus

Provides inhibitory input to alpha-motoneurons

Question 18

What does the locus ceruleus“spare” during it’s inhibitory actions?

Answer 18

Spares the:

Diaphragm and Small muscle groups

Question 19

_________ released from the locus ceruleus activates the LC neurons. These neurons release NE and suppress REM sleep and lead to arousal

Answer 19

HISTAMINE released from the locus ceruleus activates the LC neurons. These neurons release NE and suppress REM sleep and lead to arousal

Question 20

What is the earliest stage of sleep?

Answer 20

Stage N1

low voltage EEG

Question 21

What is the second stage of sleep?

Answer 21

Stage N2

Slowing of frequency with SLEEP SPINDLES

Question 22

What is the third stage of sleep?

Answer 22

Stage N3

aka “Deep Sleep”

Theta and delta waves are prominent

Question 23

What is the 4th stage of sleep?

Answer 23

REM Sleep

EEG similar to wake state