2.1 - Introduction to IP

Question 1

What does the ‘moving truck’ symbolize in networking?

Answer 1

The ‘moving truck’ represents Internet Protocol (IP) that transports data across the network.

Question 2

What is the role of the network in the moving truck metaphor?

Answer 2

The network is the ‘road’ used to transport the data, such as wireless, DSL, cable, or Ethernet.

Question 3

What does the ‘data box’ represent in the networking model?

Answer 3

The ‘data box’ symbolizes the encapsulated data within an IP packet that is transported across the network.

Question 4

What components are included in an Ethernet frame?

Answer 4

An Ethernet frame includes an Ethernet header, payload (which contains the IP packet), and trailer.

Question 5

What does an IP packet contain?

Answer 5

An IP packet contains the IP header and payload, which may include TCP or UDP segments.

Question 6

How does TCP ensure reliable data transmission?

Answer 6

TCP is connection-oriented, verifies data receipt, reorders out-of-order messages, retransmits lost data, and manages flow control.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of UDP?

Answer 7

UDP is connectionless, faster, does not ensure reliable delivery, and is used for real-time applications.

Question 8

What is the purpose of ‘well-known ports’?

Answer 8

Well-known ports are standardized ports used by common services and applications, like HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443).

Question 9

What are ‘ephemeral ports’?

Answer 9

Ephemeral ports are temporary ports assigned by the client device for the duration of a connection, usually between 1024 and 65535.

Question 10

Why are port numbers important in networking?

Answer 10

Port numbers direct data to the correct application or service on a device, such as HTTP data to port 80.

Question 11

What does TCP stand for, and what is its main characteristic?

Answer 11

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and is known for its connection-oriented and reliable delivery features.

Question 12

What does UDP stand for, and what is its main characteristic?

Answer 12

UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol and is known for its connectionless and faster but less reliable delivery.

Question 13

How does TCP handle data flow control?

Answer 13

TCP uses flow control mechanisms to regulate the speed of data transmission and prevent overwhelming the receiving device.

Question 14

Why is UDP useful for real-time communication?

Answer 14

UDP is useful for real-time communication because it sends data quickly without the need for acknowledgments or retransmissions.

Question 15

What role does port numbering play in data delivery?

Answer 15

Port numbering determines the specific application or service that will receive the data on a device, allowing for multiplexing of different services.

Question 16

How are non-ephemeral ports different from ephemeral ports?

Answer 16

Non-ephemeral ports are permanent and commonly used for well-known services (e.g., port 80 for HTTP), while ephemeral ports are temporary and assigned dynamically.

Question 17

What is the significance of the port numbers in the TCP and UDP headers?

Answer 17

Port numbers in TCP and UDP headers identify the source and destination applications or services, enabling correct data delivery.

Question 18

Can TCP and UDP use the same port number?

Answer 18

Yes, TCP and UDP can use the same port number, but they are distinct protocols and can serve different services on the same port number.

Question 19

What is the purpose of the port number on the data box in the networking metaphor?

Answer 19

The port number on the data box indicates which application or service on the server should receive the data.