202 - Renal System II, a

Question 1

the peristaltic of the muscular tubes called ________ moves urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 1

ureter

Question 2

the walls of the ______ are composed of

• outer fibrous adventitia
• middlemuscularis
• inner mucosa covered by transitional epithelium

Answer 2

ureter

Question 3

in the wall of the bladder, the _______ is the outermost layer, its essentially the parietal peritoneum, and only covers the upper part of the bladder

Answer 3

serosa

Question 4

in the wall of the bladder, the _______ ______ consists of layers of smooth muscle lying at angles to one another

Answer 4

detrusor muscle

Question 5

in the wall of the bladder, the __________ is the connective tissue layer

Answer 5

connective

Question 6

in the wall of the bladder, the _______ is a layer of transitional epithelium similar to that lining the ureters and the upper part of the urethra

Answer 6

mucosa

Question 7

the _______ is a relatively non-expanadable, triangular-shaped region at the base of the bladder, which opens to the urethra

Answer 7

trigone

Question 8

the postganglionic neurons exiting the spine provide ___________ innervation to the bladder; the postganglionic from the inferior mesenteric ganglion provide _________ innervation to the internal sphincter of the bladder

Answer 8

parasympathetic; sympathetic

Question 9

the ______ carries seminal fluid or urine to the outside

Answer 9

urethra

Question 10

the length of the urethra (20 cm) in males helps to prevent . . .

Answer 10

bacterial infection of the bladder (more common in women)

Question 11

the . . . urethra (1-1.5 cm) is surrounded by smooth muscle sphincter (internal sphincter), lacking in women

Answer 11

pre-postatic

Question 12

the . . . urethra (3-4 cm) passes thru the prostate gland, ducts from the prostate gland the 2 ejaculatory ducts pass into it

Answer 12

prostatic

Question 13

the . . . urethra (2 cm) is thin-walled and surrounded by skeletal muscles of the external sphincter

Answer 13

membranous

Question 14

the . . . urethra is 15 cm long

Answer 14

penile

Question 15

length of urethra men vs women

Answer 15

20 cm vs 4 cm

Question 16

_________ is the prevention of continual urination

Answer 16

continence

Question 17

the function of the _______ sphincter (in men) is to prevent back flow of semen into the bladder

Answer 17

internal sphincter

Question 18

the function of the _______ sphincter is to prevent continence (continual urination) by contraction

Answer 18

external

Question 19

urination is also called _________

Answer 19

micturition

Question 20

micturition is an _______ spinal reflex that must be overridden in adults

Answer 20

miturition

Question 21

urination is started by _______ inhibition of the neuron closing the ext sphincter

Answer 21

voluntary

Question 22

an enormous volume of _____ (__%) flows through the kidneys

Answer 22

blood (40%)

Question 23

the blood supply to the kidneys is via the ______ arteries, which branch off from the aorta, entering the kidney at the hilum alongside the ureter

Answer 23

renal

Question 24

the _______ arteries branch from the rentals after reaching the hilum, run between pyramids toward cortex

Answer 24

interlobar

Question 25

capillaries in the medulla that surround loops of Henle

Answer 25

descending vasa recta

Question 26

blood from capillaries surrounding the loops of Henle belong to the juxtaglomerular glomeruli is collected by the ascending ____ _____

Answer 26

vasa recta

Question 27

order the following veins:
1 - arcuate
2 - interlobar
3 - renal
4 - interlobular

Answer 27

4, 1, 2, 3

Question 28

order the following arteries:
1 - arcuate
2 - interlobar
3 - renal
4 - interlobular

Answer 28

3, 2, 1, 4