202 - Body Water and Electrolyte Balance, a

Question 1

Percentage of total body weight made up by water ranges from __% to __%, main cause of variation is _______ tissue

Answer 1

45% to 75%; adipose

Question 2

there is a higher percentage of water weight in a LEAN / OBESE person

Answer 2

lean

Question 3

the water containing salts and other substances bathes the cells of our bodies, represents 1/3 of body water, said to be __________

Answer 3

extracellular

Question 4

2/3 of body water is contained _________

Answer 4

intracellularly

Question 5

________ - any salt that dissolves in water to form an electrically conducting solution

Answer 5

electrolyte

Question 6

_____ - molecular weight in grams (6.022e23 molecules

Answer 6

molarity

Question 7

______ - # moles of solute per liter

Answer 7

molarity

Question 8

______ - # of moles of solute per kg of solution

Answer 8

molality

Question 9

_______ - # of moles of osmatically active solute per liter

Answer 9

osmolarity

Question 10

_______ - # of moles of osmotically active solute per kg of solution

Answer 10

osmolality

Question 11

______ - osmolality same as body fluids

Answer 11

isotonic

Question 12

_______ - osmolality < body fluids

Answer 12

hypotonic

Question 13

_______ - osmolality > body fluids

Answer 13

hypertonic

Question 14

_________ _________ - the atomic weight of an atom divided by its valence

Answer 14

electrochemical equivalence

Question 15

SODIUM (Na+) high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 15

Intra: low

Extra/plasma: high

Question 16

POTASSIUM (K+) high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 16

Intra: high

Extra/plasma: low

Question 17

MAGNESIUM (Mg++) high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 17

Intra: high

Extra/plasma: low

Question 18

CHLORIDE (Cl-) high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 18

Intra: low

Extra/plasma: high

Question 19

BICARBONATE (HCO3-) high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 19

Intra: low

Extra/plasma: low (higher)

Question 20

PROTEIN high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 20

Intra: high

Extra/plasma: low (higher in plasma)

Question 21

PHOSPHATE (XPO4) high / low for intracellular vs extracellular/plasma

Answer 21

Intra: high

Extra/plasma: low

Question 22

The primary difference between extracellular fluid and plasma is in the amount of . . .

Answer 22

protein

Question 23

what is the major factor influencing the amount of fluid in the different compartments?

Answer 23

osmotic pressure

Question 24

drinking a lot of water would suppress the secretion of what hormone?

Answer 24

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

Question 25

if capillary pressure increases, more fluid will ENTER / LEAVE the blood

Answer 25

leave

Question 26

the water discharged into the gastrointestinal tract in the form of juices is LOST / RECOVERED

Answer 26

lost

Question 27

2 stimuli for thirst:
1 - INCREASED / DECREASED plasma osmolality
2 - loss of ______ (________)

Answer 27

1 - INCREASED plasma osmolality

2 - loss of volume (hypovolemia)

Question 28

thirst of hypovolemia is specifically activated by which hormone?

Answer 28

angiotensin II

Question 29

kidneys regulate fluid output via ______ with ADH and ______ with 3 hormone systems (ADH, renin, atrial natriuretic)

Answer 29

osmolality, volume

Question 30

________ / ______ diabetes insipidus - failure to secrete ADH

Answer 30

hypothalamic / central

Question 31

________ diabetes insipidus - renal disease or mutations in the genes for the ADH receptor or aquaporin 2

Answer 31

nephrogenic

Question 32

major stimulus for ADH/vasopressin secretion is INCREASE / DECREASE in plasma osmolality

Answer 32

increase

Question 33

major stimulus for ADH/vasopressin secretion is INCREASE / DECREASE in blood volume

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

alcohol has what effect on ADH secretion

Answer 34

inhibits