202 - Acid-Base Balance, a

Question 1

carbon dioxide is ________ acid

Answer 1

respiratory

Question 2

lactic and keto-acids are _______ acids

Answer 2

metabolic

Question 3

alkaline is another way to say . . .

Answer 3

basic

Question 4

sodium bicarbonate and phosphate, proteins (hemoglobin), ammonia in the urine are all examples of . . .

Answer 4

buffers

Question 5

sodium chloride is not a buffer, but sodium bicarbonate is, this is because HCl is a _____ acid and H2CO3 is a _____ acid

Answer 5

strong; weak

Question 6

typically the body has too much acid, unless someone’s a . . .

Answer 6

vegetarian

Question 7

carbon dioxide is typically blown off in the ____

Answer 7

lungs

Question 8

incomplete oxidation of carbs and fatty acids produces _______ acids that can’t be blown off by the lungs

Answer 8

metabolic

Question 9

lactic acid accumulation (exercise or circ. shock) due to inadequate oxygen delivery is known as ______ ________

Answer 9

lactic acidosis

Question 10

accumulation of acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxy butyric acid (due to diabetes mellitus) due to accelerated fat metabolism, results in _______ __________

Answer 10

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 11

metabolism of dietary proteins and phospholipids and nucleic acids produces acids that CAN / CANNOT be blown off by the lungs

Answer 11

cannot

Question 12

the chemical buffers, lungs, and kidneys all do what?

Answer 12

stabilize pH

Question 13

4 chemical buffer systems

Answer 13

phosphate (body), proteins (body), bicarbonate-carbon dioxide (body and respiratory), ammonia (urine)

Question 14

cannot protect body from CO2 changes, only functions when respiratory system is working, limited by amiability of its ions are limitations of the . . . buffer system

Answer 14

bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffer system

Question 15

place of action of buffer systems:

• phosphate
• proteins
• bicarbonate-carbon dioxide

Answer 15

• phosphate - body fluids
• proteins - body fluids
• bicarbonate-carbon dioxide - respiratory / body fluids

Question 16

ammonium system is used in the . . .

Answer 16

urine

Question 17

Henderson Hasselbach equation

Answer 17

pH = pKa +log( [A-] / [HA] )

Question 18

the respiratory regulation of CO2 pH has the negative side effect of . . .

Answer 18

depleting bicarbonate ions from body fluids

Question 19

order the following in pH response:

renal, chemical buffers, respiratory

Answer 19

chemical buffers, respiratory, renal

Question 20

the kidneys are important in protect (thru reabsorption) and generating . . .

Answer 20

bicarbonate

Question 21

the renal system excretes ______ ions that associate with phosphate and ammonium buffers in the urine

Answer 21

hydrogen

Question 22

bicarbonate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule of the _______

Answer 22

nephron

Question 23

the hydrogen ions (1/3 of total) associated with phosphate buffer are _______

Answer 23

titratable

Question 24

2/3 of hydrogen ions from rentals are bound to ______ in urine

Answer 24

ammonia

Question 25

excess carbon dioxide accumulation in the body called ________ _______

Answer 25

respiratory acidosis

Question 26

pneumonia, emphysema, airway obstruction, stroke, narcotics, poliomyelitis all causes of . . .

Answer 26

respiratory acidosis