202 - 24, Renal System I, a

Question 1

fluid overload, hypertension, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, cardio disease all result from . . .

Answer 1

kidney failure

Question 2

the kidneys control pH through p___ content

Answer 2

CO2

Question 3

accumulation of blood in the body is called _____

Answer 3

uremia

Question 4

the kidneys excrete ____ in the urine

Answer 4

urea

Question 5

the kidneys are the major producer of the hormone _________, which stimulates the production of red blood cells

Answer 5

erythropoietin

Question 6

_________ is produced in the kidney (derived from Vitamin D)

Answer 6

calcitriol

Question 7

conversion of Vitamin D to calcitriol in the kidney is stimulated by ________ hormone

Answer 7

parathyroid

Question 8

calcitrol stimulates absorption of _______ from the gut

Answer 8

calcium

Question 9

_________ of the blood plasma in the capillary beds is formed the same as interstitial fluid

Answer 9

ultrafiltrate

Question 10

ultrafiltrate is processed in the _____ ______

Answer 10

renal tubules

Question 11

in the renal tubules, certain solutes and water are ________

Answer 11

reabsorbed

Question 12

the _________ processes the majority of the ultra filtrate (20 L / day)

Answer 12

glomeruli

Question 13

_____ L of plasma ultra filtrate is produced per day in the kidneys

Answer 13

180 (very high)

Question 14

each kidney is capped by an ______ gland

Answer 14

adrenal

Question 15

the two _______ convey urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 15

ureters

Question 16

the _____ empties the bladder

Answer 16

urethra

Question 17

the _______ produce an ultra filtrate of the blood and process it to form urine

Answer 17

nephrons

Question 18

the medial side of each kidney has a groove called the ____

Answer 18

hilum

Question 19

the _____ contains the renal artery and vein, lymphatics, nerves, and renal pelvis

Answer 19

hilum

Question 20

the renal pelvis has a few pouch-like extensions called the _____

Answer 20

calyces

Question 21

the medulla of the kidneys is composed of renal ______

Answer 21

pyramids

Question 22

the papillae are perforated by openings of the ________ _____

Answer 22

collecting ducts

Question 23

renal _______ are between the renal pyramids and inward projections of renal cortex

Answer 23

columns

Question 24

the ______ is the functional unit of the kidney because it is involved in the filtering of blood and production of urine from the filtrate

Answer 24

nephrons

Question 25

a ________ is essentially a blood filter connected to a long tubule

Answer 25

nephron

Question 26

blood vessels that bring blood to the nephron for filtering in special networks of capillaries called _______

Answer 26

glomeruli

Question 27

______ collect, process, and concentrate the ultra filtrate before delivering the resulting urine in the ureters

Answer 27

tubules

Question 28

the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule form a structure that is called a renal _______

Answer 28

corpuscle

Question 29

__________ is a tight knot of capillaries fed by an afferent arteriole

Answer 29

glomerulus

Question 30

the AFFERENT / EFFERENT arteriole supplies the glomeruli with blood; the AFFERENT / EFFERENT arteriole removes that blood

Answer 30

afferent; efferent

Question 31

_________ ________ - the enlarged end of a renal tubule that encloses the glomerulus

Answer 31

Bowman’s capsule

Question 32

the inner wall of Bowman’s capsule is made up of specialized epithelial cells called ______ that adhere to the surface of the glomerular capillaries

Answer 32

podocytes

Question 33

the ________ ________ tubule lies in the cortex of the kidney, reabsorbs and secretes, most of the water and sodium are reabsorbed

Answer 33

proximal convoluted

Question 34

the ______ ___ _______ is a U-shaped tube that dips down into the medulla, the length is variable, absorbs and secretes, plays a critical role in producing concentrated urine

Answer 34

loop of Henle

Question 35

the ____ ______ tubule receives fluid from the loop of Henle, develops the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 35

distal convoluted

Question 36

the ________ ________ tubule lies in the cortex of the kidney, reabsorbs and secretes, most of the water and sodium are reabsorbed

Answer 36

proximal convoluted

Question 37

the ______ ___ _______ is a U-shaped tube that dips down into the medulla, the length is variable, absorbs and secretes, plays a critical role in producing concentrated urine

Answer 37

loop of Henle

Question 38

the ____ ______ tubule receives fluid from the loop of Henle, develops the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 38

distal convoluted

Question 39

the ________ ________ tubule lies in the cortex of the kidney, reabsorbs and secretes, most of the water and sodium are reabsorbed

Answer 39

proximal convoluted

Question 40

the ______ ___ _______ is a U-shaped tube that dips down into the medulla, the length is variable, absorbs and secretes, plays a critical role in producing concentrated urine

Answer 40

loop of Henle

Question 41

the ____ ______ tubule receives fluid from the loop of Henle, develops the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 41

distal convoluted

Question 42

the ________ ________ tubule lies in the cortex of the kidney, reabsorbs and secretes, most of the water and sodium are reabsorbed

Answer 42

proximal convoluted

Question 43

the ______ ___ _______ is a U-shaped tube that dips down into the medulla, the length is variable, absorbs and secretes, plays a critical role in producing concentrated urine

Answer 43

loop of Henle

Question 44

the ____ ______ tubule receives fluid from the loop of Henle, develops the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 44

distal convoluted