202 - 23, Whole Body Metabolism II, b

Question 1

lack of ______ is dependent on geographic location and soil contents, causes goiter

Answer 1

iodone

Question 2

lack of iodine from soil was fixed with the creation of . . .

Answer 2

iodized salt

Question 3

scurvy (sailors disease) is caused by lack of . . .

Answer 3

Vitamin C

Question 4

. . . intake ought to be increased with age

Answer 4

Vitamin D

Question 5

hypervitaminosis __ results in hypercalcemia causing fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, coma

Answer 5

D

Question 6

hypervitaminosis __ is characterized by headache, diarrhea, dizziness, hypertrophy of the liver and spleen, scaly dermatitis, loss of hair, bone pain.

Answer 6

A

Question 7

hypervitaminosis __ leads to kidney failure

Answer 7

D

Question 8

Arctic explorers who’d eaten polar bear liver first had hypervitaminosis __

Answer 8

A

Question 9

hypervitaminosis __ involves digestive tract disturbances and anemia

Answer 9

K

Question 10

hypervitaminosis __ causes problems with peripheral nerves

Answer 10

B6

Question 11

body temperature, blood glucose, blood fatty and amino acids, and cholecystokinin all control _____-term regulation of energy

Answer 11

short

Question 12

adipose tissue controls ____-term regulation of energy

Answer 12

long

Question 13

destruction of the ________ hypothalamus causes animals to eat more and gain weight

Answer 13

ventromedial

Question 14

destruction of the ________ hypothalamus causes animals to eat less and lose weight

Answer 14

lateral

Question 15

the hormone ______ is the negative feedback from adipose that tells the hypothalamus to adjust food intake

Answer 15

leptin

Question 16

concentration of _____ in the plasma is proportional to the amount of fat in the body

Answer 16

leptin

Question 17

high level of leptin cause . . .

Answer 17

suppressed appetite

Question 18

low levels of leptin cause . . .

Answer 18

stimulated appetite

Question 19

POMC (proopiomelanocortin) is an _____igenic peptide; meaning . . .

Answer 19

anorex; suppresses appetite

Question 20

endocannabinoids are ____igenic peptides; meaning . . .

Answer 20

orex; stimulate appetite

Question 21

High levels of leptin…
STIMULATE / INHIBIT POMC
STIMULATE / INHIBIT endocannabinoids

Answer 21

STIMULATE POMC

INHIBIT endocannabinoids

Question 22

neuropeptide Y and endocannabinoids are both ____igenic peptides

Answer 22

orex

Question 23

low levels of leptin STIMULATE / INHIBIT neuropeptide Y

Answer 23

stimulate

Question 24

other consequence of low leptin levels (besides increased hunger) . . .

Answer 24

prevents hormonal changes of puberty

Question 25

_______ is a pathological state that’s associated with massive weight loss

Answer 25

cachexia

Question 26

serious burns, surgical trauma, cancer, loss of appetite, anorexia, heart disease meds may all cause ______

Answer 26

cachexia (weight loss)

Question 27

patients with cachexia will show a POSITIVE / NEGATIVE ______ balance because muscle protein is being broken down

Answer 27

NEGATIVE nitrogen

Question 28

________ _______ is a psychological condition associated with loss of appetite and wasting of body mass

Answer 28

anorexia nervosa

Question 29

mutation of the __ gene, or the _____ and ______ receptors, causes obesity, type II diabetes in mice

Answer 29

ob, leptin, melanocortin

Question 30

obese people typically are DEFICIENT / RESISTANT to leptin. Mice?

Answer 30

resistant, deficient

Question 31

a hormone called ______ released by the stomach increases appetite, stimulates growth hormone, and increases fat stores

Answer 31

ghrelin

Question 32

the main signal of nutrient need/excess in the body is . . .

Answer 32

blood glucose

Question 33

immediate response called the ________ phase, occurs on days . . .

Answer 33

carbohydrate; 1

Question 34

______ period causes gluconeogenesis, high protein catabolism, ureogenesis, and negative Ni balance, also caused _____ phase, occurs days . . .

Answer 34

profligate; protein; 2-4

Question 35

_____ response, also called ____ phase, protein degradation reduced, triglycerides used, ketone body production increases; occurs days . . .

Answer 35

adapted; ketotic; 5-50

Question 36

______ phase are when fat stores are depleted, 20% of protein mass used, immune system fails; happens days . . .

Answer 36

terminal; 50+

Question 37

death normally follows when proteins in body have dropped __-__%

Answer 37

30-40

Question 38

the metallic rate drops about __% during starvation

Answer 38

20

Question 39

______ adipose tissue is not used in ATP generation, used for heat

Answer 39

brown