202 - Digestive System III, a

Question 1

_______ - movements of the digestive tract that are necessary for transporting the food and its digestive residues from one end to the other

Answer 1

motility

Question 2

________ movements - ohomogenize the mixture of food and digestive juices, and assist in absorption by stirring up the layer of fluid next to the epithelial lining of the digestive tract

Answer 2

mixing

Question 3

______ - carried out by exocrine glands that secrete juices containing mainly enzymes and cell that produce other substances for digestion

Answer 3

secretion

Question 4

the primary inorganic ion secretions are ___, ____, and _____; involved in ___ adjustments

Answer 4

H+, HCO3-, NaCl; pH

Question 5

bile salts and intrinsic factor are two examples of ______ substances in secretions

Answer 5

organic

Question 6

cholesterol and bilirubin are both _______ substances in secretions

Answer 6

excreted

Question 7

_______ are absorbed in the stomach as amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

_________ are absorbed in the stomach as monosaccharides (such as glucose)

Answer 8

Carbohydrates

Question 9

_________ (____) are absorbed in the stomach as free fatty acids or monoglycerides

Answer 9

trigylcerides (fat)

Question 10

carbohydrate digestion occurs in the mouth and stomach by salivary _____ ______ and in the small intestine by pancreatic _____ _____

Answer 10

alpha amylase

Question 11

the microvilli of the brush border of the small intestine break down both _______ and _________

Answer 11

carbohydrates and proteins

Question 12

the mouth starts break down of _________

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

the stomach starts break down of ________

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

triglycerides (fat) and nucleic acids are broken down in the _____ _______

Answer 14

small intestine

Question 15

emulsification by bile salts followed by pancreatic lipase breaks down __________ in the small intestine

Answer 15

triglycerides (fat)

Question 16

pancreatic DNAse and RNAse both break down ______ _____

Answer 16

nucleic acids

Question 17

______ - blind-ended lymphatic channel at the center of the intestinal villus

Answer 17

lacteal

Question 18

pepsin digests proteins in the . . .

Answer 18

stomach

Question 19

trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A and B digest proteins in the . . .

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A and B digest proteins into _____ ____

Answer 20

amino acids

Question 21

carbohydrates turn to short chains (________) in the stomach

Answer 21

oligosaccharides

Question 22

the brush border enzymes break down short saccharide chains into __________ in the small intestine

Answer 22

monosaccharides

Question 23

once inside the cells, the monoglycerides and free fatty acids are reassembled into triglycerides, which aggregate with cholesterol and phospholipids to form tiny globules called ________

Answer 23

chylomicrons

Question 24

chylomicrons are coated with ____-________ and enter the lacteal of the intestinal villi

Answer 24

beta-lipoprotein

Question 25

________ structure - Apo A, B, C, E surround triglycerides and cholesterol

Answer 25

chylomicron

Question 26

tryglicrides (fat) are initially broken down by _______ _____ and ____ ____ into monoglycerides and 2 fatty acid molecules

Answer 26

pancreatic lipase and bile salts

Question 27

____ ____ ferry monoglycerides and fatty acids to epithelium

Answer 27

bile salts

Question 28

monoglyerides and fatty acids recombine to reform triglycerides after crossing the _____ _____

Answer 28

brush border

Question 29

________ form from triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and beta-lipoprotein

Answer 29

chylomicrons

Question 30

chylomicrons CAN / CAN’T enter blood capillaries

Answer 30

CAN’T (too large)

Question 31

3 substances absorbed in small intestine

Answer 31

proteins, carbohydrates, fats

Question 32

2 substances absorbed in large intestine

Answer 32

water, electrolytes

Question 33

gastrin is secreted by . . .

Answer 33

the stomach G-cells