2017 Physiology - Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What are some of the purposes of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Controls visceral function
Provides Homeostasis
Coordinates responses to external stimuli

Question 2

What pharmacological agent(s) is the Carniosacral division on the ANS related to/use?

Answer 2

Cholinergic

Question 3

What pharmacological agent(s) is the Thoracolumbar division on the ANS related to/use?

Answer 3

Adrenergic

Question 4

Which cranial nerves are Parasympathetic?

Answer 4

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 5

Which nerve is responsible for parasympathetics below the neck?

Answer 5

CNX - Vagus

Question 6

Which nerves (Pre or Post-ganglionic) are long/short in Parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 6

Pre = long
Post = short (often in the target organ)

Question 7

What structure does the Sympathetic Outflow Tracts utilize?

Answer 7

Paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia

Prevertebral sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 8

Which organ can have direct Sympathetic innervation without a ganglia?

Answer 8

The Adrenal Medulla - chromaffin cells

Question 9

What are the two types of receptors of the Parasympathetic system?

Answer 9

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

Question 10

What are the two types of receptors of the Sympathetic system?

Answer 10

Alpha

Beta

Question 11

A1, M1, M3, M5 receptors share a common secondary messenger and G-proteins, what are they?

Answer 11

IP3, DAG to increase Ca++.

Gq receptor proteins

Question 12

A2, M2, M4 receptors share a common secondary messenger and G-proteins, what are they?

Answer 12

Adenylate cyclase (inhibits) hence it inhibits cAMP
Gi receptor proteins

Question 13

B receptors operate through which secondary messenger and G-protien?

Answer 13

Adenylate cyclase (activates) hence stimulates cAMP
Gs receptor proteins

Question 14

What is the NT for ALL preganglionic neurons?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 15

What is the NT for somatic motor neurons (alpha and gamma) aka. muscles?

Answer 15

ACh

Question 16

What NT is used by Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons on the target organ?

Answer 16

ACh

Question 17

Where is the sympathetic-cholerneric effect seen?

Answer 17

Sympathetic preganglionic to sweat glands

Question 18

What is the principle adrenergic NT?

Answer 18

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 19

What NT is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Answer 19

NE

Question 20

What NT(s) is released by the Adrenal Medulla?

Answer 20

NE and Epi

Question 21

Do the parasympathetic nerves stimulate anything outside of the viscera?

Answer 21

No, only the sympathetics do.

Question 22

What type of receptor is on cell bodies of all postganglionic neurons in both symp and parasymp ganglia?

Answer 22

Nicotinic - Ng - N2

Question 23

Parasympathetic: What type of receptor is on skeletal muscle?

Answer 23

Nm - N1

Question 24

What type of receptor is on effector/target organs (glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle) except adrenal medulla?

Answer 24

Muscarinic

Question 25

Are alpha 1 receptors pre or post junctional or both?

Answer 25

Only Pre

Question 26

Are alpha 2 receptors pre or post junctional or both?

Answer 26

Both

Question 27

What is tachyphlaxis?

Answer 27

Down regulation of a receptor based on the continued/overuse of a substance (or NT)

Question 28

What are the functions of the Parasympathetic system? DEM BBLUESS

Answer 28

Defecation, emesis, miosis, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, urination, erection, salivation, secretion

Question 29

Which dominates (Para or Symp) if stimulated at the same time?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic

Question 30

What organs/systems does the Sympathetic only exhibit control over?

Answer 30

Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Some sphincters