2017 Anatomy - Peritoneum, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Spleen Flashcards
Which mesentary gives rise to the Greater and which gives rise to the Lesser Omentum?
Dorsal = greater
Ventral = lesser
What are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum and where do they run from/to?
Hepatogastic: Stomach - Liver (Medial)
Hepatoduodenal: Duodenum -Liver (Lateral)
Through what opening do the Greater and Lesser Sacs (Omental Bursa) communicate?
Epiploic Foramen
Which vessels run through the Hepatoduodenal ligament?
Hepatic Artery
Hepatic Portal Vein
Bile Duct
At what level (aprox.) does the esophagus pierce the diaphagm?
T10
Which nerve makes up the Anterior Vagal Trunk (plexus) and which makes up the Posterior?
Left = Anterior
Right = Posterior
What is the name of the opening of the stomach into which the esophagus opens, what is the name of the feature which makes the change in epithelium type here?
Cardial Orfice
Z-line
What is a disease of the esophagus caused by increase portal hypertension?
Esophageal varices
What are the 4 major regions of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric
What are the 4 features of the stomach?
Greater Curvature
Lesser Curvature
Cardial Notch
Angular Incisure
What 7 organs are a part of the “bed of the stomach”?
Diaphragm (left dome)
Spleen
Left Kidney
Suprarenal Galnd
Pancreas
Trasverse Mesocolon
Colon
What are the ligaments/attachments of the stomach?
Gastrospleic ligament: from greater omentum, connects greater curve to hilum of spleen
Gastrophrenic ligament: from greater omentum, connects greater curve to inferior surface of diaphragm
Gastrocolic ligament: greater omentum, connects greater curve to transverse colon
Hepatogastic ligament: lesser omentum, lesser curve to liver
What are the 4 groups of lymph nodes of the stomach and where do they ultimately drain (nodes and duct)?
Gastric Lymph Nodes - cardia and superior stomach
Pancreaticosplenic - posterior stomach along the Splenic Artery
Gastro-Omental - inferior portion of greater curve
Pyloric - around pyloric canal
All drain to Celiac Lymph Nodes and into the Thoracic Duct
Understand the basic arterial supply of the stomach?
From where does the:
left gastric artery
right gastric artery
right gastro-omental artery
left gastro-omental artery
posterior gastric artery
arise?
Celiac Trunk
Hepatic Artery Proper
Gastroduodenal Artery
Splenic Artery
Splenic Artery
What are the 3 segments of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilium
What is the first portion of the duodenum and some important features?
Superior portion
located right of L1 body
passes anteior to bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and IVC
clincally called the duodenal cap and site of duodenal ulcers
What is the second portion of the duodenum and some important features?
Descending portion
extends down right side of L1-L3
contains the Major Duodenal Papilla, entrance of bile duct and pancreatic ducts.
also contains Minor Duodenal Papilla, entrance of accessory pancreatic duct
What is the importance of the Major Duodenal Papilla embroylocigally and vascularly?
Marks the fusion of the foregut with the midgut
Proximal to MDP = perfused by Celiac Trunk
Distal to MDP = perfused by Mesenteric Artery (Superior or Inferior)
What is the third portion of the duodenum and some important features?
Inferior portion
longest section, runs horizontally across at L3
it crosses the IVC and is crossed by the Superior Mesenteric Artery
What is the fourth portion of the duodenum and some important features?
What is the name of the ligament at the end of the duodenum, supporting it?
Ascending Part
passes upward to the left of abdominal aorta
ends at L2 level with duodenojejunal flexure
Suspensory Muscle (ligament) of duodenum (aka Ligament of Treitz)
Know the vascular supply of the duodenum
Which has a thicker wall, Jejunum or Ilium?
Jejunum
Compare the Plicae Circularis of the Jejunum and Ilium?
Larger and more pronounced in Jejunum.
How do the Jejunum and Ilium get their arterial supply? Describe the differences in Vasa Recta of the two segments.
via Jejunal/Ilial Arteries which are branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
Jejunum has fewer but longer Vasa Recta
Ilium has more/longer Arterial Arcades
What is a histological feature unique to the Ilium?
Peyer’s Patches
Where is the spleen and what organs/features surround it?
Left hypochondriac
anterior - stomach
posterior/lateral - ribs 9-11
medial - left kidney
inferior - left colic flexure
superior - diaphragm
What vessels and ligaments attach to the hilum of the spleen?
the Splenic Artery and Vein
Splenorenal ligament - spleen to kidney
Gastrosplenic Ligament - spleen to stomach
