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Question 1

Pt w/ Hx of recurrent kidney stones since childhood, positive fam Hx, hexxagonal crystals on on urinalysis, and positive cyanide nitroprusside test should point to what Dx?

Answer 1

cystinuria

Question 2

What is the underlying problem in cystinuria?

Answer 2

defective transport of dibasic amino acids by brush borders of renal tubular and intestinal epithel cells.

Question 3

Are the stones of cystinuria radiolucent or -opaque?

Answer 3

opaque

Question 4

What could simultaneously cause muscle weakness/cramps and ECG changes consisting of broad, flat T-waves?

Answer 4

hypokalemia!

Question 5

Which location of hematoma more commonly happens to young people as a result of trauma, resulting in headache, confusion, and focal neuro deficits?

Answer 5

epidural

Question 6

_______ often presents with back pain radiating to the buttocks that interferes with walking and lumbar extension.

Answer 6

Lumbar spinal stenosis

Question 7

What position will often help relieve the pain of lumbar spinal stenosis?

Answer 7

lumbar flexion

Question 8

In HIT, IgG Abs are formed against complexes of heparin and what?

Answer 8

platelet factor-4

Question 9

What coagulation time can be increased in HIT? Why?

Answer 9

PTT; consumption of thrombin

Question 10

What are 2 big risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Answer 10

obesity and DM II

Question 11

What is thought to be the most likely mech of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Answer 11

insulin resistance (leads to FA oxidation and subsequent inflammation)

Question 12

What type of kidney stones are radiolucent?

Answer 12

uric acid

Question 13

What is the acute Tx of uric acid stones?

Answer 13

Alkalinization of urine w/ potassium citrate of potassium bicarb

Question 14

What is the preferred Tx for pregnant or lactating women w/ early localized Lyme disease?

Answer 14

Amoxicillin