1.9 Blood sugar level and its regulation its regulation

Question 1

Give the physiological blood sugar levels across the species

Answer 1

• Non-Ru. mammals: 4-5 mmol/l
• Ru: 2-3 mmol/l
• Birds: 8-9 mmol/l

Question 2

List the hormones regulating blood sugar

Answer 2

1. Adrenalin
2. Glucagon
3. Insulin
4. Glucocorticoids
5. ACTH
6. STH

Question 3

Adrenaline

1. Effect
2. Production site
3. Affected pathway
4. Metabolism

Answer 3

1. Hyperglycaemia
2. Adrenal medulla
3. Muscle: GGL↑ / GG↓

Question 4

Glucagon

1. Effect
2. Production site
3. Affected pathway
4. Metabolism

Answer 4

1. Hyperglycaemia
2. Pancreas α-cells
3. Liver: GGL+GNG↑ / GG+GL↓

Question 5

Insulin

1. Effect
2. Production site
3. Affected pathway
4. Metabolism

Answer 5

1. Hypoglycaemia
2. β-cells
3. Glucose uptake from cells+GG+GL ↑ / Fat, protein degredation+GGL+GNG ↓

Question 6

Glucocorticoids

1. Effect
2. Production site
3. Affected pathway
4. Metabolism

Answer 6

1. Hyperglycaemia
2. Adrenal cortex
3. GNG↑ / GL↓

Question 7

ACTH

1. Effect
2. Production site
3. Affected pathway

Answer 7

1. Hyperglycaemia
2. Adenohypophysis
3. Glucocorticoids ↑

Question 8

STH

1. Effect
2. Production site
3. Affected pathway

Answer 8

1. Hyperglycaemia
2. Adenohypophysis
3. LL↑ / GNG from Aas↓

Question 9

Intracellular regulatory mechanisms

Answer 9

• During fall of blood glucose → Glucagon↑; Insulin↓
• During rise of blood glucose → Glucagon↓; Insulin↑

Question 10

Glucose is stored in…

Answer 10

• Adipose
• Oxidised in:
  
  • Brain
  • RBCs
  • Muscle

Question 11

Draw the signaling pathway of blood sugar regulation

Answer 11

Question 12

GLUT 1 location

Answer 12

• Blood
• Brain

Question 13

GLUT 2 location

Answer 13

• Liver
• Kidney

Question 14

GLUT 3 location

Answer 14

Brain

Question 15

GLUT 4 location

Answer 15

• Adipose tissue
• Muscle

Insulin needed to transport glucose