1.27 Detoxification activity of the liver

Question 1

Give the products of detoxification methods

Answer 1

• Urea
• Uric acid
• Allantoin
• Glutamine

Question 2

Urea

Answer 2

Produced by arginase

Ø in birds

Question 3

Uric acid is excreted by

Answer 3

• Humans
• Primates
• Birds
• Dalmation dogs

Question 4

Allantoine

Answer 4

Produced by uricase

• Dog
• Cat
• Horse
• Ru
• Sus

Question 5

Glutamine degradation

Answer 5

Glutamine → NH₃ → NH₄⁺

Glutaminase

Question 6

Give the detoxification methods of the liver

Answer 6

1. Hydroxylation
2. Ethanol oxidation
3. Reduction of insulin
4. Conjugation with:
   
   1. Glucuronic acid
   2. Sulphuric acid
   3. Amino acids

Question 7

Hydroxylation

Answer 7

• Cytochrome P450:
  
  • Addition of OH groups → More water soluble
• Steroid hydroxylase:
  
  • Mixed function oxygenase

Question 8

Draw detoxification by hydroxylation

Answer 8

Question 9

Draw ethanol oxidation

Answer 9

Question 10

Draw reduction of insulin

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe hydrolysis by cardiac glycosides

Answer 11

• Digitalis purpea plant
• Hydrolysis between sugar + steroid

Question 12

Draw conjugation with: glucuronic acid

Answer 12

Question 13

Draw conjugation with: Sulphuric acid

Answer 13

Question 14

Draw conjugation with: Amino acid

Answer 14