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Biochem Topic list I > 1.12 Essential and non-essential amino acids > Flashcards

1.12 Essential and non-essential amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

List the essential amino acids

A
  1. Histidine
  2. Valine
  3. Lysine
  4. Isoleucine
  5. Leucine
  6. Phenylalanine
  7. Tryptophan
  8. Methionine
  9. Threonine
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2
Q

Give the general reaction of amino acid decarboxylation

A

Producing a biogenic amine

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3
Q

Give the degradation process of a biogenic amine

A

MAO = Monoamino oxidase

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4
Q

Degradation of Histidine

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Histamine

  • Tissue inflammatory hormone
  • Allergic reactions
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5
Q

Degradation of Tyrosine (DOPA)

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Catecholamine (Dopamine)

  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
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6
Q

Degradation of Tyrosine

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Tyramine

  • Smooth muscle contraction
  • Vasoconstrictor
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7
Q

Degradation of 5-OH-Trp

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Serotonin

  • Neurotransmitter
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8
Q

Degradation of Glutamate

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

GABA

  • Inhibitory neurotransmitter
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9
Q

Degradation of Serine

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Ethanolamine (cholamine)

  • Component of cephalin
  • Acetylcholine, lecithin
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10
Q

Degradation of Cysteine

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Cysteamine

  • Pantothenic acid → HS-CoA
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11
Q

Degradation of Cysteine acid

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

Taurine

  • Bile salt synthesis
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12
Q

Degradation of Aspartate

  • Biogenic amine produced
  • Role of the amine
A

β-alanine

  • HS-CoA
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13
Q

Degradation of Ornithine

  • Biogenic amine produced
A

Putrescine

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14
Q

Degradation of Lysine

  • Biogenic amine produced
A

Cadaverine

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15
Q

Carnosine

  • Species
  • Composition
  • Function
A
  • Found in mammals
  • Composition: Histidine + β-alanine
  • Function:
    • Muscle + Brain antioxidants
    • A buffer of lactic acid
    • Anti-ischemic
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16
Q

Anserine

  • Species
  • Composition
  • Function
A
  • Found in birds
  • Composition: Methyl-histidine + β-alanine
  • Function:
    • Muscle + Brain antioxidants
    • A buffer of lactic acid
    • Anti-ischemic
17
Q

Structure of Carnosine/Anserine

18
Q

Carnosine + anserine are…

A

Dipeptides

19
Q

Glutathione structure

20
Q

Draw the biochemistry of glutathione

21
Q

Give the main role of glutathione

A

Antioxidant

22
Q

Draw the γ-glutamyl cycle

Biochem Topic list I (28 decks)

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