18.1 — hardy-weinburg principle Flashcards
covers: the assumptions of the hardy-weinburg principle; the hardy-weinburg equation; applying the principle to calculate allele frequencies;
what does the Hardy-Weinburg principle calculate?
the frequencies of alleles for a particular gene within a population.
what is allele frequency?
how often an allele appears in a population.
what is a population?
a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area at a certain time, with the potential to interbreed
what does the Hardy-Weinburg principle state?
allele frequencies will remain constant across generations if certain conditions are fulfilled
what are the key assumptions of the Hardy-Weinburg principle?
- no mutations occur
- there is no migration in/out of the population
- mating is random
- the population size is large
- there are no natural selection pressures
what is a gene pool?
all alleles of all genes in all individuals of a population at a given time
what is the Hardy-Weinburg principle’s concept of genetic equilibrium?
the gene pool stays consistent over time
the Hardy-Weinburg model shows the relationship between what?
the relationship between allele frequencies
what does ‘p’ stand for in the Hardy-Weinburg equation?
the frequency of the dominant allele
what does ‘q’ stand for in the Hardy-Weinburg equation?
the frequency of the recessive allele
what does p2 stand for in the Hardy-Weinburg equation?
the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (derived as if the genotype were pp)
what does 2pq stand for in the Hardy-Weinburg equation?
the frequency of heterozygous individuals (derived as the genotype could be either pq or qp)
what does q2 stand for in the Hardy-Weinburg equation?
the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (derived as if the genotype were qq)
what must all the possible allele combinations equal?
1
what is the equation that links genotype frequencies directly to allele frequencies?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
